Sunscreen bans: Coral reefs and skin cancer

@article{Raffa2019SunscreenBC,
  title={Sunscreen bans: Coral reefs and skin cancer},
  author={Robert B Raffa and Joseph V. Pergolizzi and Robert Taylor and Jan M. Kitzen},
  journal={Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics},
  year={2019},
  volume={44},
  pages={134 - 139}
}
Hawaii will ban two major ingredients of sunscreens. This article reviews the reasons and future directions. Hawaii recently enacted legislation that will ban the use of two major ingredients of the majority of commonly used sunscreens. The reason for the ban is the ingredients’ putative deleterious impact on marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. But sunscreens also save lives by decreasing the risk of UV‐induced skin cancers. We review both sides of the issue and potential implications… 
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The state of knowledge relating to regulatory and other efforts to reduce the impact of chemical ingredients in sunscreens on aquatic ecosystems is reviewed, focusing on the following questions: to what extent will local legislative restrictions on ingredients actually reduce the concentrations of chemicals in coastal waters and protect aquatic health.
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The properties, safety, health and ecological concerns of various UV filters including TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as well as the limitations of the testing protocols and guidelines provided by major regulatory bodies are reviewed.
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An engineered biosynthetic pathway employing genes from a vertebrate and two Gram-(+) bacteria that forms novel sunscreen compounds with hybrid structures of gadusol and mycosporine-like amino acids, both of which are found in marine environments are reported.
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The high retention ratio of the PTB sunscreen in aquatic environments demonstrates the great potential of amyloid-like protein aggregates in the development of leakage-free sunscreens with low ecosystem hazards and long-lasting UV protection in aquatic environment.
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TLDR
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TLDR
Skin cancer can affect anyone regardless of their gender, race, or age and cell-cycle progression can be halted and nucleotide excision repair (NER) can begin to undo the DNA damage.
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The light and warmth of the sun are among the key parameters for the development of many higher life forms on Earth. As light intensity changes within seasons, organisms including mankind have…
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