• Corpus ID: 212460048

Study of anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots in acute, subchronic & chronic inflammation in experimental animals

@inproceedings{Sinhgad2011StudyOA,
  title={Study of anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots in acute, subchronic \& chronic inflammation in experimental animals},
  author={STES’s Sinhgad},
  year={2011}
}

• S. Sinhgad
• Published 2011
• Biology

Hemidesmus indicus, commonly known as "Anantmul," possesses various p harmacological activities including antiinflammatory activity. The present study is designe d to investigate anti-inflammatory effect of ethano lic extract of Hemidesmus indicus (EEHI) on rats and mice. The anti-inflammatory eff ect is investigated employing acute antiinflammatory models: carrageenan induced paw edema, leukocyte emigration, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, mast cell degranulation in rats; subc hronic anti-inflammatory model: cotton pellet granu loma in mice; and chronic anti-inflammatory models: formailn indu ced arthritis, delayed type hypersensitivity using egg white lysozyme as an antigen. EEHI (100, 200 mg/kg, p.o) exhibited a dose-dependent and significant inhibiti on (P <0.05) in all the experimental models. Preliminary phytoch emical screening revealed the presence of flavonoid s, steroid, terpenoid, saponins, tannins,. The extract produces no mortality in the dose up to 2000 mg/kg, p.o. Th e results obtained suggest marked anti-inflammatory activity of the EEHI and support the traditional use of this plant in inflammatory conditions. Key-Words: Hemidesmus indicus, Vascular permeability, Granuloma, Hypersensitivit y, Edema Introduction Inflammation is a physiological process in response to tissue damage resulting from microbial pathogen infection, chemical irritation, & / or wounding. 1 The relation between inflammation & atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, arthritis & alzheimer’s disease h as been well substantiated. 2 The functioning of the immune system is finely balanced by the activities of pro-inflammatory & anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation. The mediators of the inflammation suc h as cytokines, eicosanoids & free radicals have dire ct or indirect effect on the pathophysiology of diseases. Chronic inflammation develops from unresolved symptomatic acute inflammation with or without any clinical manifestations. This may activate macropha ges & lymphocytes which release inflammatory mediators. Neutrophils are the first blood leukocytes to arriv e to an inflammatory site. The process of transendotheli al migration from the blood to the tissue is complex & involves response to chemotactic factors & binding to adhesion molecules at the endothelium surface. 6 * Corresponding Author E.mail: [e-mail]; [e-mail] . Tel..:[phone]. These events permit the extravasation of blood neutrophils to the tissue where they can perform different functions. Major roles of neutrophils inc lude phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen & nitrogen species that damage DNA & cell membranes & production of chemoattractants such as IL-8 which recruit further competent cells. 7 Neutrophil response usually terminates when neutrophils undergo apoptos is & are phagocytosed by arising macrophages. 8 Inflammatory cells release prostaglandins with concomitant increase in the expression of key enzym e cyclooxygenase which in turn can activate several transcription factors including NFκB. Inflammation activates a variety of inflammatory cells, which in duce & activate oxidant generating enzymes like NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, etc.; which produce superoxide anion & other reactive nitrogen species like nitric oxide through activati on of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 10 Free radicals play major role in persistence of inflammation. Dur ing the process of inflammation, inflammatory cells sec rete chemically reactive oxidants, radicals & electrophi lic compounds that bing abou the elimination of the infectious agents. 11-12 These inflammatory mediators can damage the surrounding host tissue. 13-14 Many Research Article [Shaikh, 2(10): Oct., 2011]