Studies on theobromine disposition in normal subjects; Alterations induced by dietary abstention from or exposure to methylxanthines

@article{Drouillard1978StudiesOT,
  title={Studies on theobromine disposition in normal subjects; Alterations induced by dietary abstention from or exposure to methylxanthines},
  author={Dennis D. Drouillard and Elliot S. Vesell and Barry H. Dvorchik},
  journal={Clinical Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
  year={1978},
  volume={23},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10519385}
}
It is suggested that immediately after five daily doses of TB, an impairment of TB clearance occurs that is reversible by four days of dietary abstention from methylxanthines, which is balanced by increased mean aVd of 35%.
View on Wiley
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
54 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
9
Methods Citations
1

54 Citations

High levels of methylxanthines in chocolate do not alter theobromine disposition

Results reinforce the fundamental principle that both the metabolic and the therapeutic consequences of a particular chemical can differ when that chemical is given in the pure compared with the dietary form.

Theobromine metabolism and pharmacokinetics in pregnant and nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its primary demethylated metabolites paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline in man.

The pharmacokinetics of caffeine (CA), paraxanthine (PX), theobromine (TB) and theophylline (TP) were studied in six healthy male volunteers after oral administration of each compound on separate…

Dietary patterns and diurnal variations in aminopyrine disposition

In healthy, nonmedicated male subjects, patterns of eating and fasting determined diurnal variations in aminopyrine disposition, suggesting that meals decrease protein binding of aminipyrine, leading to increased aminobyrine aVd and t½, possibly due to increased tissue uptake.

Elimination of theobromine metabolites in healthy adults.

The ratio of N3- to N7-demethylation of TB remained constant during the load, but the large interindividual variation observed in ratio makes it unsuitable as a function test for evaluation of liver disease.

Theobromine kinetics and metabolic disposition

Analysis of the urinary excretion data by the sigma‐minus method allowed calculation of the apparent first‐order rate constants for production of 7‐ methylxanthine, 7‐methyluric acid, 3‐methylx anthine, 3,7‐dimethyluric Acid, and 6‐amino‐5[N‐methylformylamino]‐l‐methylURacil.

Quantitative assessment of caffeine partial clearances in man.

The data confirm earlier reports that PX is the major metabolite of CA in humans but suggest that Px formation is quantitatively more important than previously believed.

Failure of hydrocortisone to alter acutely antipyrine disposition

Hydrocortisone alters the pharmacokinetics of previously administered antipyrine in neither dogs nor man, and in 4 normal male volunteers, no inflection in the salivary antipyrines decay curve occurred when hydrocort isone was injected 8 hr after antipyrin.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of natural methylxanthines in animal and man.

Using molar ratios of metabolites in plasma and/or urine, phenotyping of various enzyme activities has become a valuable tool to identify polymorphisms and to understand individual variations and potential associations with health risks in epidemiological surveys.

Toxicokinetics of caffeine elimination in an infant.

The kinetics of caffeine elimination were followed in a ten month old female acutely intoxicated on a street form of the drug and the metabolic generation of theophylline and its elimination were studied.
...

7 References

Quinine‐induced alterations in drug disposition

The importance of such conditions as dose and time of administration in determining the type and magnitude of interaction observed between drugs is illustrated by studies in dogs given quinine intravenously, which revealed a biphasic plasma decay curve compatible with a 2‐compartment open model forQuinine disposition.

Theophylline metabolism by the rat liver microsomal system.

Investigation of the metabolism of 8-14C-theophylline in vivo and in vitro in the rat indicates that Theo per se is metabolized by the liver microsomal system and not by liver xanthine oxidase or aldehyde oxidase.

Tissue distribution of caffeine and its metabolites in the mouse.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, (ed 4).

It is virtually impossible at present, and will probably be totally so in the future, for a clinician to keep current with therapeutic progress, even in his own specialty, so the third edition of the "blue bible" is welcomed.

Serum theophylline analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

A rapid, high-pressure liquid-chromatographic method for theophylline in serum, involving liquid extraction and silica adsorption chromatography, provides adequate selectivity, accuracy, and precision for routine or research applications.

Theophylline, a review.