Studies of the efficacy and potential hazards of methylene blue therapy in aniline‐induced methaemoglobinaemia

@article{Harvey1983StudiesOT,
  title={Studies of the efficacy and potential hazards of methylene blue therapy in aniline‐induced methaemoglobinaemia},
  author={John W Harvey and A S Keitt},
  journal={British Journal of Haematology},
  year={1983},
  volume={54}
}
Summary. The similarity between poison and antidote was known to the ancient Greeks who used the same word, pharmakon, for both. This paper presents evidence that aniline (the toxin) and methylene blue (the therapy) are in fact remarkably similar and additive in some of their effects on erythrocytes. Studies were prompted by a case of aniline‐induced methaemoglobinaemia in which two injections of methylene blue did not rapidly eliminate cyanosis and were followed by severe, delayed haemolysis… 
View on Wiley
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
109 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
2
Background Citations
28
Methods Citations
2

109 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

FATAL AND RECURRENT METHEMOGLOBINEMIA AFTER INGESTION OF PRINTING REDUCER DYE (NITROBENZENE)
TLDR
To manage chemically induced methemoglobinemia properly, a clinician must be aware of its pathophysiology, be skilled with the use of reducing agents such as methylene blue, and understand specific physiochemical properties of the toxin.
Topics in Pulmonary Medicine Acquired Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report of Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia and a Review of the Literature
TLDR
The diagnosis should be entertained when cyanosis, unresponsive to 100% oxygen therapy, appears suddenly, especially when exposure to an oxidant drug is established, and the diagnosis is confirmed by multiple-wavelength cooximetry.
Antimalarial efficacy of methylene blue and menadione and their effect on glutathione metabolism of Plasmodium yoelii-infected albino mice
TLDR
Methylene blue as well as menadione were found to restore these constituents when given to P. yoelii-infected mice at the dose levels of 2.5 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, compared to mefloquine, which caused a rapid decline in percent parasitaemia and caused a delay in maturation of the infection, but could not cure the mice.
Acquired Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report of Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia and a Review of the Literature
TLDR
The diagnosis should be entertained when cyanosis, unresponsive to 100% oxygen therapy, appears suddenly, especially when exposure to an oxidant drug is established, and the diagnosis is confirmed by multiple-wavelength cooximetry.
Occupational Methaemoglobinaemia
TLDR
Patients with features and/or methaemoglobin concentrations of 30–50%, should be administered methylene blue 1–2 mg/kg/bodyweight intravenously (the dose depending on the severity of the features), whereas those with methaenoglobin concentrations exceeding 50% should be given methyleneblue 2mg/kg intravenously.
Treatment of high‐risk, refractory acquired methemoglobinemia with automated red blood cell exchange
TLDR
This is the first report to demonstrate the (potentially superior) effectiveness of automated RBC exchange for treatment of patients with high‐risk acquired methemoglobinemia, that is, those with G6PD deficiency or who have ingested strong oxidants.
Acute intoxication with aniline: detection of acetaminophen as aniline metabolite
TLDR
Treatment by administration of tolonium chloride (toluidine blue) resulted in complete recovery of the patient and it was assumed that a high metabolic capacity for acetylation protected the victim from more severe reactions.
Methylene blue
Methylene blue finds its major utilization in toxicology in the treatment of methemoglobinemia at a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg intravenously. By interacting with methemoglobin and the erythrocyte's enzyme…
The effect of ethyl pyruvate on dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia in rats
TLDR
A single intraperitoneal dose of EP was able to reduce methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone for a short period of time, but this effect was not sustained.
Severe Propanil [N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl) Propanamide] Pesticide Self-Poisoning
TLDR
A retrospective case series of patients who were treated in the intensive care unit of and/or died in Anuradhapura General Hospital between 1998 and early 2002 indicates that propanil poisoning can be a severe form of self-poisoning, particularly in resource-poor settings.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 37 REFERENCES
Hemoglobin, methylene blue and oxygen interactions in human red cells.
  • R. Smith, C. Thron
  • Biology
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics
  • 1972
TLDR
Results presented here confirm that methylene blue accelerates the rate of hemoglobin-methemoglobin turnover with only minor shifts in the equilibrium of the reaction, and indicates that in either case the dye is recycled many times.
ACUTE ANILINE POISONING TREATED BY HEMODIALYSIS. REPORT OF A CASE.
TLDR
The case reported herein is of particular interest for several reasons: the patient died from cerebral anoxia and shock, and the toxin appeared by qualitative measurement in the hemodialysate.
Methylene blue uptake and the reversal of chemically induced methemoglobinemias in human erythrocytes.
TLDR
Although a concentration-dependent spectrum probably exists for these phenomena, they explain why a given methemoglobin level generated by nitrite is more effectively reduced by methylene blue than an equivalentlevel generated by phenylhydroxylamine.
Exacerbation of dapsone-induced Heinz body hemolytic anemia following treatment with methylene blue
  • B. Goldstein
  • Medicine, Biology
    The American journal of the medical sciences
  • 1974
TLDR
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus ingested an overdose of dapsone resulting in methemoglobinemia, decreased red cell glutathione levels, and a Heinz body hemolytic anemia, and treatment with methylene blue produced an exacerbation of the hemolytics process.
Methylene blue induced cyanosis and acute hemolytic anemia complicating the treatment of methemoglobinemia.
Methaemoglobinaemia in the newborn infant.
TLDR
The clinical approach to the neonate with methaemoglobinaemia is no different from the approach to older patients, and the need for therapy is dictated by the severity of hypoxic symptoms.
Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in dogs.
TLDR
It was concluded that the skin lesions in the three clinically affected dogs enhanced absorption of the drug, resulting in methemoglobin formation.
Mechanisms of methylene blue stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in erythrocytes.
TLDR
The experiments indicate that the reactions induced by methylene blue in erythrocytes are more complex than generally thought and that high concentrations are associated with production of peroxide.
Species differences in methemoglobin reductase activity.
Mechanism of methemoglobin formation by diphenylsulfones. Effect of 4-amino-4'-hydroxyaminodiphenylsulfone and other p-substituted derivatives.
...
...