Studies of Dietary Fat and Heart Disease

@article{Ravnskov2002StudiesOD,
  title={Studies of Dietary Fat and Heart Disease},
  author={Uffe Ravnskov and C. Eugene Allen and Dale Atrens and Mary G. Enig and Barry Groves and Joel M. Kauffman and Rolf Kroneld and Paul J. Rosch and Ray H. Rosenman and L. A. Werk{\"o} and J{\o}rgen Vesti Nielsen and Jan Wilske and N Worm},
  journal={Science},
  year={2002},
  volume={295},
  pages={1464 - 1465}
}
In his letter about the article “the soft science of dietary fat” (News Focus, G. Taubes, 30 Mar. 2001, p. [2536][1]), Scott M. Grundy says that saturated fatty acids (SFA) are the main dietary cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) (“Dietary fat: at the heart of the matter,” 3 Aug., p. [801 
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Editorial: One more roast leg of mutton? A novel view of dietary fat
TLDR
The history of the coronary heart disease epidemic and selected arguments raised in the current debate on its causes suggest some caution: the evidence is convincing for most, but not for all of the common public health messages. Expand
Saturated fats: what dietary intake? 1-3
Public health recommendations for the US population in 1977 were to reduce fat intake to as low as 30% of calories to lower the incidence of coronary artery disease. These recommendations resulted in… Expand
The relation of saturated fatty acids with low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
TLDR
Research regarding this heterogenic group of fatty acids and the mechanisms relating them to (chronic) systemic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and notably CVD are summarized. Expand
Saturated fats: what dietary intake?
TLDR
This review summarizes research findings and observations on the disparate functions of saturated fatty acids and seeks to bring a more quantitative balance to the debate on dietary saturated fat. Expand
Response to Ravnskov et al. on saturated fat and CHD
TLDR
Ravnskov et al. appear to ignore the large number of controlled metabolic studies relating fatty acid intake to plasma total and LDL-cholesterol as well as the overwhelming evidence that LDL is causally related to the atherosclerotic process. Expand
Dietary fats, carbohydrate, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.
TLDR
In postmenopausal women with relatively low total fat intake, a greater saturated fat intake is associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis, whereas carbohydrate intake isassociated with a greater progression. Expand
Dietary fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults.
TLDR
Increased consumption of dietary total fat, especially saturated FA, is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults and the relation, apparently, is influenced by an individual's lifestyle. Expand
A hypothesis out-of-date. the diet-heart idea.
  • U. Ravnskov
  • Medicine, Psychology
  • Journal of clinical epidemiology
  • 2002
An almost endless number of observations and experiments have effectively falsified the hypothesis that dietary cholesterol and fats, and a high cholesterol level play a role in the causation of… Expand
A diet enriched in stearic acid protects against the progression of type 2 diabetes in leptin receptor deficient mice (db/db)
TLDR
The ability of a stearic acid enriched high fat diet to slow the progression of diabetes and reverse hyperglycemia in db/db mice argues that risks and benefits of fats in the diet depend on the chemical structure, rather than the chemical class, of fats ingested. Expand
Bias in Recent Papers on Diets and Drugs in Peer-Reviewed Medical Journals
TLDR
Examples are given to show that randomized, placebocontrolled trials are not free from bias and that the failure to include all-cause death rates can be extremely misleading, as can the use of relative risks in the absence of absolute risks. Expand
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References

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The questionable role of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular disease.
  • U. Ravnskov
  • Medicine
  • Journal of clinical epidemiology
  • 1998
TLDR
No significant differences in fat intake were noted in six case-control studies of CVD patients and CVD-free controls; and neither total or CHD mortality were lowered in a meta-analysis of nine controlled, randomized dietary trials with substantial reductions of dietary fats, in six trials combined with addition of PUFA. Expand
Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.
TLDR
It is suggested that replacing saturated and trans unsaturated fats with unhydrogenated monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats is more effective in preventing coronary heart disease in women than reducing overall fat intake. Expand
Relationship between dietary intake and coronary heart disease mortality: lipid research clinics prevalence follow-up study.
TLDR
It is concluded that future research must be directed toward better understanding the pathway between dietary intake and coronary disease as the current diet-lipid-heart hypothesis may be overly simplistic. Expand
Intake of dietary fiber and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study.
TLDR
Findings suggest that independent of other risk factors, greater intake of foods rich in fiber can substantially reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, and particularly coronary death, in middle-aged, smoking men. Expand
Dietary fat intake and prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review
Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of reduction or modification of dietary fat intake on total and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. Design: Systematic review. Data… Expand
Diet, serum cholesterol, and death from coronary heart disease. The Western Electric study.
TLDR
The results support the conclusion that lipid composition of the diet affects serum cholesterol concentration and risk of coronary death in middle-aged American men. Expand
Diet and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. The Ireland-Boston Diet-Heart Study.
TLDR
The hypothesis that diet is related, albeit weakly, to the development of coronary heart disease is supported. Expand
Ten-year incidence of coronary heart disease in the Honolulu Heart Program. Relationship to nutrient intake.
TLDR
In multivariate analyses including age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarettes smoked per day, and physical activity index, carbohydrates, vegetable protein, percentage of calories from saturated fatty acids, and percentage of Calories from polyunsaturated fatty acids are no longer significantly related to incidence. Expand
Diet, prevalence and 10-year mortality from coronary heart disease in 871 middle-aged men. The Zutphen Study.
TLDR
The Zutphen Study concluded that the influence of energy intake per kg of body weight on CHD is mediated through other risk characteristics: subscapular skinfold and serum cholesterol. Expand
Low fat intake and coronary artery disease in a population with higher prevalence of coronary artery disease: the Indian paradox.
TLDR
It is suggested that the saturated fat intake should be < 7% en/day for prevention of CAD in Indians. Expand
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