Structural brain changes associated with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia

@article{Sarr2013StructuralBC,
  title={Structural brain changes associated with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia},
  author={Salvador Sarr{\'o} and Edith Pomarol-Clotet and Erick Jorge Canales-Rodr{\'i}guez and Raymond Salvador and Jes{\'u}s J. Gomar and Jordi Ort{\'i}z-Gil and Ram{\'o}n Landin-Romero and Fidel Vila-Rodriguez and Josep Blanch and P. J. McKenna},
  journal={British Journal of Psychiatry},
  year={2013},
  volume={203},
  pages={51 - 57}
}
Background The pathological basis of tardive dyskinesia is unknown. Although its clinical features implicate the basal ganglia, imaging studies have not found clear evidence that it is associated with volume changes in these or other brain structures. Aims To determine, using voxel-based structural imaging, whether there are regions of grey matter volume change in people with schizophrenia who also have tardive dyskinesia compared with those without tardive dyskinesia. Method A total of 81… 
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Citation Type

Gray Matter Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Patients with Tardive Dyskinesia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Voxel-Based Morphometry Study
TLDR
The schizophrenia patients with TD had significantly reduced gray matter, mostly at the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal g Cyrus, which correlated with severity of clinical symptoms and involuntary movement, respectively.
Abnormal functional connectivity of motor circuit in the schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia: A resting-state fMRI study
Decreased Gray Matter Volume of Cuneus and Lingual Gyrus in Schizophrenia Patients with Tardive Dyskinesia is Associated with Abnormal Involuntary Movement
TLDR
It is suggested that TD may be associated with the alterations in GMV that are different from that of schizophrenics without TD, and further studies are needed to confirm and to examine the functional significance of these structural findings.
Motor Abnormalities and Basal Ganglia in Schizophrenia: Evidence from Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
TLDR
Considering the extant data, there is some evidence for volumetric and shape alterations of basal ganglia in schizophrenia being in part determined by psychopathology and GMA, and not entirely explained by antipsychotic medication effects.
Altered BDNF is correlated to cognition impairment in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia
TLDR
While the associations between BDNF and cognition in both TD and non-TD patients suggest a close relationship between BD NF and cognition, the different directions may implicate distinct mechanisms between TD and other patients.
Resting-state Brain Activity Changes Associated with Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients with Schizophrenia: Fractional Amplitude of Low-frequency Fluctuation Decreased in the Occipital Lobe
Parkinsonism is associated to fronto-caudate disconnectivity and cognition in schizophrenia
Brain volume changes over the first year of treatment in schizophrenia: relationships to antipsychotic treatment
TLDR
Brain volume reductions associated with antipsychotic treatment are not restricted to poor outcome patients and occur even with the lowest effective dose of antipsychotics, at least in the short term.
Cognition impairment in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia: Association with plasma superoxide dismutase activity
Motor dysfunction within the schizophrenia-spectrum: A dimensional step towards an underappreciated domain
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