Steganography Integration Into a Low-Bit Rate Speech Codec

@article{Huang2012SteganographyII,
  title={Steganography Integration Into a Low-Bit Rate Speech Codec},
  author={Yongfeng Huang and Chenghao Liu and Shanyu Tang and Sen Bai},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security},
  year={2012},
  volume={7},
  pages={1865-1875}
}
Low bit-rate speech codecs have been widely used in audio communications like VoIP and mobile communications, so that steganography in low bit-rate audio streams would have broad applications in practice. In this paper, the authors propose a new algorithm for steganography in low bit-rate VoIP audio streams by integrating information hiding into the process of speech encoding. The proposed algorithm performs data embedding while pitch period prediction is conducted during low bit-rate speech… 
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94 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
7
Background Citations
25
Methods Citations
24

94 Citations

A triple-layer steganography scheme for low bit-rate speech streams

TLDR
A novel triple-layer steganography method is proposed for low bit-rate speech streams where modification directions (adding or subtracting one) of the pitch parameter are selected adaptively in order to achieve a high embedding efficiency.

Universal steganography model for low bit-rate speech codec

TLDR
A universal VoIP steganography model is proposed that uses the PESQ deterioration rate and the decoding error to automatically choose a data-embedding algorithm for each VoIP bitstream, which enables ones to achieve covert communications using a low bit-rate speech codec efficiently and securely.

Incorporating data hiding into G.729 speech codec

TLDR
A novel steganography algorithm is proposed that performs well in imperceptibility with a hiding capacity of 550 bits/s and the real-time and anti-detection performances are also satisfactory.

Steganography integrated into linear predictive coding for low bit-rate speech codec

TLDR
The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach to embed information during linear predictive coding (LPC) process based on Matrix Embedding (ME) leads to a better performance with less speech distortion and better security.

A Steganographic Method Based on High Bit Rates Speech Codec of G.723.1

TLDR
A Steganographic method using the excitation pulse positions of the high bit rate speech codec of ITU-T G.723.1 to perform a higher degree of secrecy and steganographic efficacy compared with existing similar algorithms.

A steganography scheme in a low-bit rate speech codec based on 3D-sudoku matrix

TLDR
A steganography scheme using a 3D-sudoku matrix to enlarge capacity and improve quality of speech and theoretical analysis is provided to demonstrate that the concealment and the hidden capacity are greatly improved with the proposed scheme.

Steganography in low bit-rate speech streams based on quantization index modulation controlled by keys

TLDR
The proposed QIM-controlled steganographic algorithm was more secure and robust than the QIM algorithm, the conventional RANDOM algorithm and the original codebook algorithm, and can minimize signal distortion while steganography taking place.

A steganographic method based on gain quantization for iLBC speech streams

TLDR
A novel steganographic method on the basis of the gain quantization (GQS), which is included in the vector quantization of dynamic codebooks, which achieves a higher hiding capacity, less signal distortion, and better resistance to steganalysis.

Pitch and Fourier magnitude based steganography for hiding 2.4 kbps MELP bitstream

TLDR
This work has dealt with the challenge of embedding a secret speech into a cover speech coded by a very low bit rate speech coder while maintaining a reasonable level of speech quality and was able to create hidden channels with maximum steganographic bandwidths up to 266.64 bit/s.

Pitch Delay Based Adaptive Steganography for AMR Speech Stream

TLDR
A novel steganographic scheme for low bit-rate speech stream against pitch delay steganalysis that achieves higher level of security, especially in the case of low embedding rate.
...

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