State-Building, Informal Governance and Organised Crime: The Case of Somali Piracy
@article{Shortland2016StateBuildingIG, title={State-Building, Informal Governance and Organised Crime: The Case of Somali Piracy}, author={Anja Shortland and Federico Varese}, journal={Political Studies}, year={2016}, volume={64}, pages={811 - 831} }
This article argues that gangs, clans, mafias and insurgencies are, like states, forms of governance. This insight is applied to the case of Somali piracy and the article explores whether protectors of piracy were clearly distinct from pirates; and to what extent protectors coordinated their activities across the Somali coastland. It is shown that clan elders and Islamist militias facilitated piracy by protecting hijacked ships in their anchorages and resolving conflicts within and between…
38 Citations
European Union anti-piracy initiatives in the Horn of Africa: linking land-based counter-piracy with maritime security and regional development
- Political Science
- 2017
Abstract Piracy off the coast of Somalia has resulted in a steady decline in trade through the Arabian Sea and higher costs of doing business for multiple world regions. The EU has responded to the…
Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands
- LawTrends in organized crime
- 2020
This paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands and posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit.
Rationalising the use of the anti-money laundering regime in tackling Somalia's piracy for ransoms
- Political Science
- 2017
A Security Paradox. The Influence Of Governance-Type Organized Crime Over the Surrounding Criminal Environment
- Law
- 2020
This study empirically demonstrates how governance-type organized crime groups (OCGs) operate as an enforcer against volume crimes in the communities they control and argues that their ability to…
War and Peace in Somalia
- Political ScienceThe Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies
- 2019
For the last thirty years Somalia has experienced violence and upheaval. Today, the international effort to help Somalis build a federal state and achieve stability is challenged by deep-rooted…
Counter piracy programming and potential barriers to reintegrating Somali pirates: An African restorative justice critique
- SociologyInternational Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
- 2019
Assessment of asset forfeiture in targeting Somali piracy ransoms
- BusinessJournal of Money Laundering Control
- 2018
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the applicability and challenges of using asset forfeiture mechanisms in taking away the illicit gains of Somali piracy for ransoms.
…
Governing criminal markets: The role of private insurers in kidnap for ransom
- Economics
- 2018
The intersection between the formal and criminal economies presents a range of intractable coordination and enforcement problems. Who orders and facilitates the interactions between private, legal…
The politicization of crime: electoral competition and the supply of maritime piracy in Indonesia
- Political Science
- 2016
Electoral competition in weak institutional settings has been shown to increase criminal violence, in particular homicides. Electoral competitiveness, by virtue of threatening the ability of…
Property rights’ emergence in illicit drug markets
- EconomicsRationality and Society
- 2020
Governance rules are efficient mechanisms in the sense that they increase people’s welfare. They emerge even when the state is unable or refuses to create and enforce them. We study a situation in…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 99 REFERENCES
The Protector’s Choice An Application of Protection Theory to Somali Piracy
- History
- 2014
What explains the variation in piracy along the coasts of Somalia? We answer this question by drawing upon Protection Theory and a new data set of piracy incidents. First, we make a distinction…
The pirates of Somalia : ending the threat, rebuilding a nation
- History
- 2013
Somali piracy attacks surged between 2005 and 2011. Although maritime piracy is as old as seaborne trade, and currently pirates also prey on ships in the Straits of Malacca and the waters of…
State-building and organized crime: implementing the international law enforcement agenda in Bosnia
- Political Science
- 2009
Domestic and transnational criminalized activities are typical side effects of weak statehood and civil war. International actors pursue a variety of counter-crime programmes explicitly designed to…
Pirate Trails: Tracking the Illicit Financial Flows from Pirate Activities off the Horn of Africa
- Economics
- 2013
It is estimated that United States (U.S.) 339 million dollars to U.S. 413 million dollars was claimed in ransoms between April 2005 and December 2012 for pirate acts off the Horn of Africa.…
The political economy of stalemate: organised crime, corruption and economic deformation in post-Dayton Bosnia
- Political Science, Economics
- 2003
‘The biggest security threat to this country is not nationalism; it’s criminality, corruption and unemployment'2 More than seven years after the end of the Bosnian war and despite some $5 billion in…
The Clandestine Political Economy of War and Peace in Bosnia
- Political Science
- 2004
Most contemporary intrastate military conflicts have a criminalized dimension: In various ways and to varying degrees they use smuggling networks and criminal actors to create and sustain the…
Bringing the State Back In: War Making and State Making as Organized Crime
- Political Science
- 1985
Warning If protection rackets represent organized crime at its smoothest, then war making and state making – quintessential protection rackets with the advantage of legitimacy – qualify as our…
A sea of trade and a sea of fish: piracy and protection in the Western Indian Ocean
- History
- 2013
Abstract Based on an ethnographic engagement with the Somali coast, this article reframes maritime piracy as an economy of protection linked to longer histories and contestations over trade, plunder,…
Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance.
- EconomicsThe Journal of Asian Studies
- 1987
Like The Moral Economy of the Peasant, Scott's last book, this one makes a huge argument that should provoke ideological as well as duller academic tempers. All who think hard about problems of…
Eavesdropping on the Mob: the functional diversification of Mafia activities across territories
- History
- 2011
How do Mafias operate across territories? The paper is an in-depth study of the operations of a Neapolitan Camorra group. It relies on a unique data set of contacts manually extracted from the…