Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction.

@article{Dubourg2011SportsrelatedCR,
  title={Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction.},
  author={Julie Dubourg and Mahmoud Messerer},
  journal={Neurosurgical focus},
  year={2011},
  volume={31 5},
  pages={
          E2
        }
}
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as a cause of hypopituitarism even after mild TBI. Although over the past decade, a growing body of research has detailed neuroendocrine changes induced by TBI, the mechanisms and risk factors responsible for this pituitary dysfunction are still unclear. Around the world, sports-especially combative sports-are very popular. However, sports are not generally considered as a cause of TBI in most epidemiological studies, and the link between sports… 
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38 Citations

Pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: a clinical and pathophysiological approach.

The current data related to anterior pituitary dysfunction after TBI in adult patients are updated, and guidelines for the diagnosis, follow-up strategies, and therapeutic approaches are reported.

Traumatic brain injuries induced pituitary dysfunction: a call for algorithms

An algorithm is suggested for the evaluation of post-traumatic hypopituitarism based on available data and on the own clinical experience to establish appropriate standards of care.

On Treating Athletes with Banned Substances: The Relationship Between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Hypopituitarism, and Hormone Replacement Therapy

It is argued that athletic organizations’ policies and attitudes towards hormone replacement therapy should change because of the connection between TBI and pituitary function, and it is likely many more athletes than previously acknowledged suffer from hormone deficiency and thus could benefit from hormone replacement Therapy.

On Treating Athletes with Banned Substances: The Relationship Between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Hypopituitarism, and Hormone Replacement Therapy

It is argued that athletic organizations’ policies and attitudes towards hormone replacement therapy should change because of the connection between TBI and pituitary function, and it is likely many more athletes than previously acknowledged suffer from hormone deficiency and thus could benefit from hormone replacement Therapy.

The role of autoimmunity in pituitary dysfunction due to traumatic brain injury

HPA seems to contribute to TBI-induced pituitary damage and related PTHP, and further prospective studies in a larger cohort of patients are needed to define etiopathogenic and diagnostic role of APA/AHA in development of post-traumatic hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunctions after a TBI.

Pituitary pathology in traumatic brain injury: a review

Pituitary dysfunction occurs in approximately 20–40% of patients diagnosed with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury giving rise to growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, hypocortisolism, and central diabetes insipidus, while hypopituitarism is a common complication in long-term survivors.

Minor and repetitive head injury.

This chapter aims to summarize the most important features of mild and repetitive traumatic brain injury providing definitions, stratifications, and triage options while also focusing on contemporary knowledge gathered by imaging and biomarker research.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Autoimmunity and Traumatic Brain Injury

HPA seems to contribute to TBI-induced pituitary damage, although major methodological issues need to be overcome and larger studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary data.

Long-term neuroendocrine consequences of traumatic brain injury and strategies for management

As severity of TBI has been the most commonly associated risk factor for post-TBI PD, prospective screening based on severity of head trauma is suggested until new evidence emerges.

Chronic head trauma in sports as a cause of hypopituitarism: a survey on Iranian national boxers

This work has shown that head trauma may cause irreversible metabolic and hormonal changes leading patients disability and lowering quality of life, and Boxing nature that has repetitive head trauma and high-intensity is a major point to be mentioned.

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