Sponge-feeding fishes of the West Indies

@article{Randall1968SpongefeedingFO,
  title={Sponge-feeding fishes of the West Indies},
  author={John E. Randall and Willard D. Hartman},
  journal={Marine Biology},
  year={1968},
  volume={1},
  pages={216-225}
}
In an analysis of the stomach contents of 212 species of West Indian reef and inshore fishes, sponge remains were found in 21 species. In eleven of these, sponges comprised 6% or more of the stomach contents; it is assumed that these fishes feed intentionally on sponges. Sponges comprise over 95% of the food of angelfishes of the genus Holacanthus, over 70% of the food of species of the related genus Pomacanthus, and more than 85% of the food of the filefish, Cantherhines macrocerus. Lesser… 
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239 Citations

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A Qualitative Assessment of Sponge-Feeding Organisms from the Mexican
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To identify the main predators of sponges, and their principal prey, in two localities from the Sea of Cortez, stomach contents from 13 species of fishes, 23 species of opisthobranchs, and 4 species of echinoderms were analyzed.
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There was no relationship between sponge color and deterrency, suggesting that sponges are not aposematic and that color variation is the result of other factors, and the invalidity of previous assessments of chemical defense based on toxicity was confirmed.
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TLDR
Feed experiments with predatory reef fish were performed to assess the deterrent properties of the structural components of three common Caribbean demosponges, Agelas clathrodes, Ectyoplasia ferox, and Xestospongia muta, and it was found that spicules in combination with the spongin skeleton would be unlikely to provide an effective defense regardless of the nutritional quality of the tissue.
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TLDR
A wealth of parallel developments in many advanced families of reef fishes towards small, often biting oral jaws is indicated, which may be the result of comparable regimes of selection pressures in reefs and of the need for newly evolved species to establish themselves within the already existing guilds.
Feeding relationships of teleostean fishes on coral reefs in Kona, Hawaii
TLDR
Feeding relationships ofteleostean fishes on coral reefs a t Kona, Hawaii, were studied during 1969 and 1970, and the situations that prevail throughout day and night are described.
Comparison of anti-predatory defenses of Red Sea and Caribbean sponges. II. Physical defense
In addition to the commonly used chemical defense mechanism against predation, ses- sile organisms such as terrestrial plants, soft corals and seaweeds are known to have a physical defense mechanism…
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