Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS

@article{Deogaonkar2016SpinalCS,
  title={Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS},
  author={Milind Deogaonkar and Mayur Sharma and Chima O. Oluigbo and Dylan M. Nielson and Xiangyu Yang and Louis P. Vera-Portocarrero and Gregory Molnar and Amir M. Abduljalil and Per B. Sederberg and Michael V. Knopp and Ali R. Rezai},
  journal={Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface},
  year={2016},
  volume={19}
}
The neurophysiological basis of pain relief due to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and the related cortical processing of sensory information are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to use resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to detect changes in cortical networks and cortical processing related to the stimulator‐induced pain relief. 
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Active Recharge Burst and Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation Engage Different Supraspinal Mechanisms: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Peripherally Injured Chronic Neuropathic Rats
To assess the supraspinal working mechanisms of the burst spinal cord stimulation (SCS) mode, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in chronic neuropathic rats. We hypothesized that…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Exploration of the Human Brain During 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
TLDR
In order to unveil hidden altered brain connectome patterns, a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) protocol was performed in subjects routinely treated for back and/or leg pain with high‐frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF‐ SCS) HF‐SCS at 10 kHz.
Spatial Filtering of Electroencephalography Reduces Artifacts and Enhances Signals Related to Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
TLDR
High‐density electroencephalography (EEG) and recently developed spatial filtering techniques are employed to reduce SCS artifacts and to enhance EEG signals specifically related to neuromodulation by SCS.
Spinal cord fMRI with MB‐SWIFT for assessing epidural spinal cord stimulation in rats
TLDR
This pilot study introduces multi‐band sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (MB‐SWIFT) technique for spinal cord fMRI during SCS in rats given the close to zero acquisition delay and high bandwidth in 3 dimensions, MB‐ SWIFT is demonstrated to be highly tolerant to motion and susceptibility‐induced artifacts and thus holds promise for fMRIDuring SCS.
Wireless Spinal Cord Stimulation Technology for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: A Single‐Center Experience
A new wireless spinal cord stimulation (SCS) technology, which was introduced in recent years, promises minimal invasive SCS as well as additional advantages such as a wide range of stimulation…
Does Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation Really Influence the Medial Pain System?
TLDR
This suggests that effective SCS reduces negative emotional processing associated with pain, allowing somatosensory areas to become more integrated into default mode activity and normalization of brain networks.
Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of pain: Still in the dark after 50 years
Despite the value of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in treating some patients with focal neuropathic pain, technological advances in stimulator design and treatment protocols have not correlated with…
Brain fMRI during orientation selective epidural spinal cord stimulation
TLDR
The fMRI activation patterns during spinal cord stimulation demonstrated the complexity of brain networks stimulated by OS-ESCS paradigms, involving brain areas responsible for the transmission of the motor and sensory information.
Effects of Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation on Sensory Perception in Chronic Pain Patients: A Systematic Review
TLDR
The aim of this study was to review the impact of tonic SCS on somatosensory perception quantified by QST in chronic pain patients.
Objective Measures to Characterize the Physiological Effects of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Neuropathic Pain: A Literature Review
TLDR
The aim was to perform a literature review of studies that used objective measures to characterize mechanisms of action of SCS in neuropathic pain patients.
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References

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TLDR
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