Species diversity can drive speciation

@article{Emerson2005SpeciesDC,
  title={Species diversity can drive speciation},
  author={Brent C. Emerson and Niclas Kolm},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2005},
  volume={434},
  pages={1015-1017}
}
A fundamental question in evolutionary ecology and conservation biology is: why do some areas contain greater species diversity than others? Island biogeographic theory has identified the roles of immigration and extinction in relation to area size and proximity to source areas, and the role of speciation is also recognized as an important factor. However, one as yet unexplored possibility is that species diversity itself might help to promote speciation, and indeed the central tenets of island… 
View on Nature
bio.classes.ucsc.edu
280 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
15
Background Citations
166
Methods Citations
20
Results Citations
8

280 Citations

Ecology: Is speciation driven by species diversity?
TLDR
It is suggested that species richness and endemism are correlated fortuitously owing to their mutual dependence on the life spans of populations on islands, which is unrelated to speciation itself.
Why are diversity and endemism Linked on islands
TLDR
It is demonstrated that a positive correlation between diversity and endemism is an expected outcome of island colonization, and that intrinsic variation among species and islands can amplify the magnitude of that correlation.
Species diversity can drive speciation: comment.
TLDR
It is shown that the observed trends in the distribution of endemics within these two archipelagos are in fact consistent with null predictions, and this findings undermine the validity of the "diversity-driven diversi fication" hypothesis.
Does species diversity really drive speciation
TLDR
It is shown that the statistical artefact, which happens when both species richness and endemism depend on attributes of islands that influence the average age of resident populations and reduce extinction rates, can occur more generally for any type of abiotic variable that influences bothspecies richness and speciation or extinction rates.
Speciation and endemism under the model of island biogeography.
TLDR
It is concluded that, although the model leads to an apparent positive relationship between percentage endemism and species diversity on an island, this positive endemics-diversity relationship is not necessarily driven by speciation.
What are We Learning about Speciation and Extinction from the Canary Islands?
TLDR
The contribution of the study of Canarian birds to the understanding of how and why species occur and change over time is evaluated and the necessity of revising the current taxonomy in the Canarian avian taxa is discussed, especially the status of the endemic subspecies.
A generalized model of island biogeography
TLDR
This model provides an ideal starting point for re-evaluating the role of speciation and re-analyzing available data on island species diversity, especially those biased by the MacArthur-Wilson model.
Recurrent speciation rates on islands decline with species number
TLDR
According to these analyses, the number of species can be stabilized at a finite level, even in the absence of extinction.
The effects of island ontogeny on species diversity and phylogeny
TLDR
A parsimonious island-centric model that integrates phylogeny and ontogeny into island biogeography and can incorporate a negative feedback of diversity on species origination is presented and it is found that branching times of in situ radiations can be informative of an island's ontogenetic stage.
A comparative analysis of island floras challenges taxonomy‐based biogeographical models of speciation
TLDR
One of the first, complete assessments of the geographic modes of speciation for the flora of a small oceanic island is presented, showing that widely used island biogeography approaches overestimate rates of in situ speciation.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 31 REFERENCES
Analysis of an evolutionary species–area relationship
TLDR
It is shown that Anolis lizards on Caribbean islands meet several expectations of the evolutionary theory, and the slope of the species–area relationship jumps sharply above the threshold of within-island speciation.
Dynamic disequilibrium: a long-term, large-scale perspective on the equilibrium model of island biogeography
TLDR
The best conceptual model of the long-term dynamics of species richness in island archipelagoes would be one in which colonization, extinction, and phylogenesis are recognized to be of equivalent conceptual importance.
Disturbance and diversity in experimental microcosms
TLDR
The results show that disturbance can modulate the effect of spatial heterogeneity on biological diversity in natural environments.
Plant species diversity and endemism on islands and archipelagos, with special reference to the Macaronesian Islands
Community Assembly Through Adaptive Radiation in Hawaiian Spiders
TLDR
Analysis of an adaptive radiation of habitat-associated, polychromatic spiders shows that species assembly is not random, and within any community, similar sets of ecomorphs arise through both dispersal and evolution, which suggest universal principles underlie community assembly.
Species Coexistence: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives
Introduction: conceptual threads Origination: the basis of coexistence Origination and evolution of communities Patterns of species richness: temporal dimension Patterns of species richness: spatial…
Adaptive radiation in a heterogeneous environment
TLDR
It is demonstrated that the elementary processes of mutation and selection alone are suifficient to promote rapid proliferation of new designs and support the theory that trade-offs in competitive ability drive adaptive radiation.
Diversity peaks at intermediate productivity in a laboratory microcosm
TLDR
This work grew diverse cultures over a wide range of nutrient concentrations, and found a strongly unimodal relationship between diversity and productivity in heterogeneous, but not in homogeneous, environments.
Floristic biogeography of the Hawaiian Islands: influences of area, environment and paleogeography
TLDR
Because species numbers and endemism are closely tied to speciation in the Hawaiian flora, particularly in the most species-rich phylogenetic lineages, individual islands’ histories are central in shaping their biota.
AN EQUILIBRIUM THEORY OF INSULAR ZOOGEOGRAPHY
As the area of sampling A increases in an ecologically uniform area, the number of plant and animal species s increases in an approximately logarithmic manner, or s = bAk, (1) where k < 1, as shown…
...
...