Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers

@article{Samuel1959SomeSI,
  title={Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers},
  author={Arthur L. Samuel},
  journal={IBM J. Res. Dev.},
  year={1959},
  volume={44},
  pages={206-227}
}
  • A. Samuel
  • Published 1 November 1967
  • Computer Science
  • IBM J. Res. Dev.
Abstract A new signature-table technique is described together with an improved book-learning procedure which is thought to be much superior to the linear polynomial method. Full use is made of the so-called “alpha-beta” pruning and several forms of forward pruning to restrict the spread of the move tree and to permit the program to look ahead to a much greater depth than it otherwise could do. While still unable to outplay checker masters, the program's playing ability has been greatly… 
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ON THE APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC PROGRAMING TO THE DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PLAY IN CHESS AND CHECKERS.

  • R. Bellman
  • Economics, Computer Science
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  • 1965
How the theory of dynamic programming can be used to determine optimal play in the great majority of Pawn-King end-games in Chess, with computers currently available, and in all probability, to determined optimal play for the entire game of checkers is indicated.

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