Soil application of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of insect pests in wine grape vineyards.

@article{VanTimmeren2012SoilAO,
  title={Soil application of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of insect pests in wine grape vineyards.},
  author={Steven Van Timmeren and John Wise and Rufus Isaacs},
  journal={Pest management science},
  year={2012},
  volume={68 4},
  pages={
          537-42
        }
}
BACKGROUND Soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides can provide opportunities for long-term control of insect pests in vineyards, with minimal risk of pesticide drift or worker exposure. This study compared the effectiveness of neonicotinoid insecticides applied via irrigation injection on key early-season and mid-season insect pests of vineyards in the eastern United States. RESULTS On vines trained to grow on drip irrigation, early-season application of imidacloprid… 
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