Sodium oxybate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: from the alcohol withdrawal syndrome to the alcohol relapse prevention

@article{Skala2014SodiumOI,
  title={Sodium oxybate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: from the alcohol withdrawal syndrome to the alcohol relapse prevention},
  author={Katrin Skala and Fabio Caputo and Antonio Mirijello and Gabriele Angelo Vassallo and Mariangela Antonelli and Anna Ferrulli and Henriette Walter and Otto Michael Lesch and Giovanni Addolorato},
  journal={Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy},
  year={2014},
  volume={15},
  pages={245 - 257}
}
Introduction: Sodium oxybate (SMO) has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with alcohol use disorders (AUDs); it was approved in Italy and Austria for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and for relapse prevention. The focus of this review is to discuss the clinical evidence on the therapeutic potential of SMO for AUDs. Areas covered: This review covers the studies in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome who received SMO for the treatment of withdrawal… 
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A Brief Up-Date of the Use of Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
TLDR
The aim of the present review is to examine the role of SMO in the treatment of AUD, its possible implications in reducing alcohol consumption, and cases of abuse, and severe intoxication due to SMO during its clinical use in the Treatment of AUD.
Sodium oxybate plus nalmefene for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: A case series
TLDR
It is shown that, during the first month of the combined treatment of sodium oxybate plus nalmefene, patients were able to achieve alcohol abstinence, to suppress or reduce episodes of heavy drinking days, and to suppress the onset of craving for sodium oxyBate.
Post-marketing and clinical safety experience with sodium oxybate for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent subjects
TLDR
The cumulative postmarketing and clinical safety experience with SMO in AUD showed that SMO has a good safety profile in AUD patients, and the safety profile was confirmed by pharmacovigilance data resulting from 299 013 patients exposed from Italy and Italy.
Diagnosis and treatment of acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: position paper of the Italian Society on Alcohol
TLDR
A task force of specialists drew up recommendations for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome with the following main results: while mild AWS may not require treatment, moderate and severe AWS need to be pharmacologically treated.
Alcohol addiction - the safety of available approved treatment options
TLDR
All approved medications are valid tools for the treatment of AUD in patients without advanced liver disease, but for some drugs, attention should be paid to patients with renal failure and medications may be used with caution, adjusting the dosage according to kidney function.
Studies on new pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence - and the importance of objective markers of alcohol consumption
This thesis will guide you through three randomized controlled trials (RCT) on three pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence; the antidepressant drug mirtazapine, the smoking cessation drug…
Sodium Oxybate in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Comparative Study versus Oxazepam. The GATE 1 Trial
TLDR
SMO is as effective as oxazepam, one of the gold standard BDZs, in the treatment of uncomplicated AWS and may be considered a valid alternative choice in thereatment of AWS.
Efficacy and safety of sodium oxybate in alcohol‐dependent patients with a very high drinking risk level
TLDR
It is concluded that sodium oxybate is an effective, well‐tolerated and safe treatment for withdrawal and relapse prevention treatment, especially in alcohol‐dependent patients with VH DRL.
Pharmacotherapeutic management of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically Ill patients
TLDR
A systematic review of the literature found in PubMed and Embase following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines is provided to provide a guideline for clinicians confronted with this syndrome in varying clinical contexts.
The recognition and management of protracted alcohol withdrawal may improve and modulate the pharmacological treatment of alcohol use disorder
TLDR
Protracted alcohol withdrawal (PAW), an underestimated and not yet clearly defined clinical condition that follows the acute stage of AWS, is characterized by the presence of substance-specific signs and symptoms common to acute AWS, but persisting beyond the generally expected acute AWS time frames.
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