• Psychology
• Published 1993
• DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681

Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration.

@inproceedings{Karau1993SocialLA,
  title={Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration.},
  author={Steven J. Karau and Kipling D. Williams},
  year={1993}
}

• Steven J. Karau, Kipling D. Williams

Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. A meta-analysis of 78 studies demonstrates that social loafing is robust and generalizes across tasks and S populations. A large number of variables were found to moderate social loafing. Evaluation potential, expectations of co-worker performance, task meaningfulness, and culture had especially strong influence. These findings are interpreted in the light of a… CONTINUE READING

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