Sitosterol-β-glucoside as Primer for Cellulose Synthesis in Plants

@article{Peng2002SitosterolglucosideAP,
  title={Sitosterol-$\beta$-glucoside as Primer for Cellulose Synthesis in Plants},
  author={Liangcai Peng and Yasushi Kawagoe and Pat Hogan and Deborah Pierson Delmer},
  journal={Science},
  year={2002},
  volume={295},
  pages={147 - 150}
}
Cellulose synthesis in plants requires β-1,4-glucan chain initiation, elongation, and termination. The process of chain elongation is likely to be distinct from the process of chain initiation. We demonstrate that a CesA glucosyltransferase initiates glucan polymerization by using sitosterol-β-glucoside (SG) as primer. Cotton fiber membranes synthesize sitosterol-cellodextrins (SCDs) from SG and uridine 5′-diphosphate–glucose (UDP-Glc) under conditions that also favor cellulose synthesis. The… 
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342 Citations

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This review article covers the current knowledge about the cellulose biosynthesis-related gene family and various proteins like the KORRIGAN, sucrose synthase, cytoskeletal components, and COBRA-like proteins that have been involved in cellulOSE biosynthesis.
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The identified tentative interaction partners for the CesAs and shown that the migratory patterns of the CesA complexes depend on phosphorylation status may become good platforms for expanding the knowledge about cellulose synthesis in the near future.
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Phylogenetic analysis of the endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene family of Arabidopsis and other plants revealed a clear distinction in three subfamilies (α, β, and γ), and it is suggested that these might also have a role in cellulose synthesis.
Functional reconstitution of cellulose synthase in Escherichia coli.
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It is shown that cellulose-synthesizing activity is successfully reconstituted in Escherichia coli by expressing the bacterial cellulose synthase complex of Gluconacetobacter xylinus: CesA and CesB (formerly BcsA and BcsB, respectively).
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The lipid origin of cellulose.
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TLDR
The results presented show that the hybrid aspen is a promising model for in vitro studies on callose and cellulose synthesis, and was the only product synthesized when CHAPS extracts were used as a source of enzyme.
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