Simultaneous determination of neuromuscular block at the larynx, diaphragm, adductor pollicis, orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles.

@article{Hemmerling2000SimultaneousDO,
  title={Simultaneous determination of neuromuscular block at the larynx, diaphragm, adductor pollicis, orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles.},
  author={Thomas M. Hemmerling and Joachim W. Schmidt and Christian Hanusa and Tobias Wolf and Hubert J Schmitt},
  journal={British journal of anaesthesia},
  year={2000},
  volume={85 6},
  pages={
          856-60
        }
}
We simultaneously determined the neuromuscular blocking effect of mivacurium 0.2 mg kg(-1) at five muscles in 20 women undergoing gynaecological surgery. Evoked electromyographic responses were obtained using surface electromyography (EMG) at the adducting laryngeal muscles, the diaphragm (lateral to vertebrae T12/L1 or L1/L2) and the adductor pollicis muscle and acceleromyographic (AMG) responses were measured at the orbicularis oculi and the corrugator supercilii muscle. Onset time and times… 
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Comparison of the adductor pollicis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii as indicators of adequacy of muscle relaxation for tracheal intubation.
TLDR
After administration of rocuronium, twitch monitoring at the OO allows a faster intubation but is associated with an unacceptable incidence of inadequate intubating conditions.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Assessment of neuromuscular block at the orbicularis oris, corrugator supercilii, and adductor pollicis muscles
TLDR
The corrugator supercilii muscle is more resistant to rocuronium than the orbicularis oris and adductor pollicis muscles.
Neuromuscular blockade at the larynx, the diaphragm and the corrugator supercilii muscle: a review
TLDR
Research during the last 15 years has greatly enhanced knowledge about how muscles react differently to muscle relaxants and has enabled us to achieve better surgical conditions with safer use of muscle relaxant and the “ideal” method of neuromuscular monitoring.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Monitoring of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block at the sternocleidomastoid muscle in anesthetized patients
TLDR
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is more resistant to vecuronium than the adductor pollicis muscle.
Monitoring recovery from rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block using acceleromyography at the trapezius versus the adductor pollicis muscle: an observational trial
TLDR
It is concluded that recording evoked acceleromyographic responses at the trapezius muscle is an acceptable alternative when monitoring from the adductor pollicis muscle is compromised, and it is cautioned that recording a 90% TOF response at the trapping muscle may overestimate functional recovery from the neuromuscular blockade.
Recovery from rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block was longer in the larynx than in the pelvic limb of anesthetized dogs.
Acceleromyographic monitoring of neuromuscular block over the orbicularis oris muscle in anesthetized patients receiving vecuronium.
Electromyographic Study of Differential Sensitivity to Succinylcholine of the Diaphragm, Laryngeal and Somatic Muscles: A Swine Model
Monitoring neuromuscular blockade at the vastus medialis muscle using phonomyography
TLDR
A shorter onset time, less pronounced maximum effect and more rapid recovery of NMB at the vastus medialis muscle than at the adductor pollicis muscle is found.
A comparison between anterior and posterior monitoring of neuromuscular blockade at the diaphragm: both sites can be used interchangeably.
TLDR
It is concluded that anterior and posterior diaphragmatic monitoring can be used interchangeably to determine neuromuscular blockade after rocuronium.
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References

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TLDR
It is concluded that the adductor pollicis response might underestimate the degree of diaphragmatic relaxation, and the administration of pancuronium in a dose sufficient to produce total paralysis might result in the inability to antagonize neuromuscular block in all muscles.
Visual estimation of onset time at the orbicularis oculi after five muscle relaxants: application to clinical monitoring of tracheal intubation.
TLDR
Visual estimation of the response at the orbicularis oculi correctly predicted good-to-excellent intubating conditions in more than 90% of cases for all the currently available muscle relaxants.
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TLDR
It is concluded that it is possible to record the mechanical response of the OO muscle using a noninvasive method and there are differences between the responses of theOO and the AP to neuromuscular blockers that depend upon both the specific drug itself and the dose used.
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TLDR
The surface laryngeal electrode proved non-invasive, easy to use and reliable in measuring onset of the neuromuscular block at the larynx and clinical duration at the adductor pollicis (AMG) was significantly longer than for both rocuronium groups.
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TLDR
Comparison of onset and recovery at the diaphragm and geniohyoid airway muscles after an intubating dose of mivacurium to determine if the genio Hyoid muscles were particularly sensitive to neuromuscular blocking agents found no difference.
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TLDR
It is suggested that muscle sensitivity to both depolarizing and non-depolarizing drugs increases with fibre size, and may account partly for the unequal sensitivities of different muscles.
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TLDR
It is concluded that increasing periods of control stimulation are associated with decreasing time to onset of neuromuscular block with atracurium, vecuronium, and mivacurium at the adductor pollicis muscle.
A method to measure elicited contraction of laryngeal adductor muscles during anesthesia.
TLDR
It is concluded that this assembly can provide useful information on intrinsic laryngeal muscle function on the basis of the response measured as pressure changes in the inflatable cuff of a tracheal tube.
Comparison of Tracheal Intubating Conditions and Neuromuscular Blocking Profiles after Intubating Doses of Mivacurium Chloride or Succinylcholine in Surgical Outpatients
TLDR
Thirty ASA physical status I or II outpatients scheduled to undergo short procedures requiring tracheal intubation received either 1.0 mg/kg succinylcholine or 0.25mg/kg mivacurium to maintain approximately 95% block, and spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular blockade occurred more quickly after succinyl choline than after mivACurium.
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TLDR
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