Simple and accurate prediction of the clinical probability of pulmonary embolism.

@article{Miniati2008SimpleAA,
  title={Simple and accurate prediction of the clinical probability of pulmonary embolism.},
  author={Massimo Miniati and Matteo Bottai and Simonetta Monti and Marco Salvadori and Luca Serasini and Mirko Passera},
  journal={American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
  year={2008},
  volume={178 3},
  pages={
          290-4
        }
}
RATIONALE Clinical probability assessment is a fundamental step in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. OBJECTIVES To develop a predictive model for pulmonary embolism based on clinical symptoms, signs, and the interpretation of the electrocardiogram. METHODS The model was developed from a database of 1,100 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, of whom 440 had the disease confirmed by angiography or autopsy findings. It was validated in an independent sample of 400 patients with… 
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ECG had low to moderate capability to confirm pulmonary embolism and could not be used to rule out pulmonary emblism.
The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
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The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging, and autoptic series have demonstrated that a high percentage of cases are not recognized ante-mortem; to this end, three clinical rules have been proposed and validated (the revised Geneva score, the Wells score and the PISA-PED score) while others await clinical validation.
Symptomatology, Clinical Presentation and Basic Work up in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism.
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Sudden onset dyspnea, chest pain, syncope and hemoptysis are essential symptoms of pulmonary embolism, and in most of these patients basic investigations like arterial blood gas analysis, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and biochemical analyses are appropriate.
Diagnosis and Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism.
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Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
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Most patients with PE feature at least one of four symptoms which, in decreasing order of frequency, are sudden onset dyspnea, chest pain, fainting or syncope, and hemoptysis, which should alert the clinicians to consider PE in differential diagnosis, and order the appropriate objective test.
Clinical probability of pulmonary embolism: Comparison of different scoring systems
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Imaging in acute pulmonary embolism with special clinical scenarios.
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Although CTPA has largely solved the diagnostic question, “Does the patient have PE,” new questions have arisen and a review is to address these questions and looks toward the future of PE imaging.
Diagnostic prediction models for suspected pulmonary embolism: systematic review and independent external validation in primary care
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Five diagnostic pulmonary embolism prediction models that are easily applicable in primary care were validated in this setting: the original Wells, modified Wells, simplified Wells, revised Geneva, and simplified revised Geneva models.
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