Short-chain fatty acids stimulate colonic transit via intraluminal 5-HT release in rats.

@article{Fukumoto2003ShortchainFA,
  title={Short-chain fatty acids stimulate colonic transit via intraluminal 5-HT release in rats.},
  author={Satoshi Fukumoto and Makoto Tatewaki and Tadanori Yamada and Mineko Fujimiya and Christopher R. Mantyh and M Voss and Steve Eubanks and M. B. Harris and Theodore N Pappas and Toku Takahashi},
  journal={American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology},
  year={2003},
  volume={284 5},
  pages={
          R1269-76
        }
}
We studied whether physiological concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affects colonic transit and colonic motility in conscious rats. Intraluminal administration of SCFAs (100-200 mM) into the proximal colon significantly accelerated colonic transit. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was abolished by perivagal capsaicin treatment, atropine, hexamethonium, and vagotomy, but not by guanethidine. The stimulatory effect of SCFAs on colonic transit was also abolished by… 
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Duodenal Chemosensing of Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Implications for GI Diseases

SCFAs are not only a source of energy but also signaling molecules for the local regulation of the GI tract and systemic regulation via release of gut hormones, and Targeting SCFA signals may be a novel therapeutic for GI diseases and metabolic syndrome.

Abnormal absorptive colonic motor activity in germ-free mice is rectified by butyrate, an effect possibly mediated by mucosal serotonin.

It is shown that butyrate but not propionate activates propulsive motility and that this may require mucosal 5-HT, and for the first time, to the authors' knowledge, a detailed analysis of colonic motor patterns and pellet propulsion using spatiotemporal mapping in the absence of microbiota.

Wood creosote prevents CRF-induced motility via 5-HT3 receptors in proximal and 5-HT4 receptors in distal colon in rats

Serotonin stimulates endotoxin translocation via 5-HT3 receptors in the rat ileum.

5-HT released from EC cells may be involved in the translocation of FITC-LPS induced by elevated intraluminal pressure and that this effect is mediated by 5-HT(3) receptors that may be located in the intestinal epithelium.

FFA2 activation combined with ulcerogenic COX inhibition induces duodenal mucosal injury via the 5-HT pathway in rats.

FFA2 overactivation during ulcerogenic cyclooxygenase inhibition may increase the vulnerability of the duodenal mucosa to gastric acid via excessive 5-HT release and5-HT3 receptor activation, implicated in foregut-related symptoms such as emesis and epigastralgia.

Propionate modulates spontaneous contractions via enteric nerves and prostaglandin release in the rat distal colon.

Propionate as well as acetate may be involved in the regulation of spontaneous circular muscle activity in the rat distal colon and increases the frequency of GCs by an activation of cholinergic motor neurons and decreases the mean amplitude by a prostaglandin release.
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