Sexual orientation and the second to fourth finger length ratio: a meta-analysis in men and women.

@article{Grimbos2010SexualOA,
  title={Sexual orientation and the second to fourth finger length ratio: a meta-analysis in men and women.},
  author={Teresa Grimbos and Khytam Dawood and Robert Philip Burriss and Kenneth J. Zucker and David A. Puts},
  journal={Behavioral neuroscience},
  year={2010},
  volume={124 2},
  pages={
          278-87
        }
}
The ratio of the lengths of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D) may serve as a marker for prenatal androgen signaling. Because people are typically unaware of their 2D:4D, its use allows possible effects of early sex hormone regimes and socialization to be disentangled. We conducted a meta-analysis on relationships between 2D:4D and sexual orientation in men and women in 18 independent samples of men and 16 independent samples of women. Collectively, these samples comprised 1,618 heterosexual… Expand
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Prenatal Influences on Sexual Orientation: Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Number of Older Siblings
  • K. Kangassalo, M. Pölkki, M. Rantala
  • Psychology, Medicine
  • Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior
  • 2011
Prenatal androgen levels are suggested to influence sexual orientation in both sexes. The 2D:4D digit ratio has been found to associate with sexual orientation, but published findings have often been… Expand
Sexual Orientation and Cognitive Ability: A Multivariate Meta-Analytic Follow-Up
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Results support the cross-sex shift hypothesis which predicts that homosexual men perform in the direction of heterosexual women in sex differentiated cognitive domains, but the type of task and cognitive domain tested is critical. Expand
Sex Differences in Sexual Arousal and Finger Length Ratio.
TLDR
Compared to women, men showed stronger responses to one sex over the other, although this pattern was clearer in genital arousal than pupil dilation, and there was no evidence that sex differences in sexual arousal related to sex Differences in 2D:4D. Expand
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and transgender identity: new original data and a meta-analysis
TLDR
This original investigation and the updated meta-analysis clarify the association between transgender identity and 2D:4D indicating the influence of prenatal androgen on the development of gender identity in subjects born as males. Expand
Fraternal Birth Order and Extreme Right-Handedness as Predictors of Sexual Orientation and Gender Nonconformity in Men
TLDR
There was evidence for a relationship among handedness, sexual orientation, and CGN, and mediation analysis revealed that handedness was associated with sexual orientation directly and also indirectly through the mediating factor of CGN. Expand
2D:4D Digit Ratios in Adults with Gender Dysphoria: A Comparison to Their Unaffected Same-Sex Heterosexual Siblings, Cisgender Heterosexual Men, and Cisgender Heterosexual Women.
We compared gender dysphoria (GD) patients and their same-sex siblings in terms of their 2D:4D ratios, which may reflect prenatal exposure to androgen, one of the possible etiological mechanisms… Expand
Finger Length Ratios of Identical Twins with Discordant Sexual Orientations
TLDR
Examination of patterns in identical twins with discordant sexual orientations found males had more masculinized 2D:4D ratios than females, and this sex difference did not vary by sexual orientation. Expand
Biological Markers of Asexuality: Handedness, Birth Order, and Finger Length Ratios in Self-identified Asexual Men and Women
TLDR
This is one of the first studies to test and provide preliminary empirical support for an underlying neurodevelopmental basis to account for the lack of sexual attraction characteristic of asexuality. Expand
Sexual Orientation, Sexual Arousal, and Finger Length Ratios in Women.
TLDR
Women's sexual and behavioral traits, and potential anatomical traits, are possibly masculinized at different stages of gestation due to their sex-atypical masculinization during prenatal development. Expand
The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Sexual Orientation in Men from China
We examined the relationship between 2D:4D digit ratio and sexual orientation in men from China and analyzed the influences of the components used to assess sexual orientation and the criteria used… Expand
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