Sex hormones and hypertension.

@article{Dubey2002SexHA,
  title={Sex hormones and hypertension.},
  author={Raghvendra K Dubey and Suzanne Oparil and Bruno Imthurn and Edwin K. Jackson},
  journal={Cardiovascular research},
  year={2002},
  volume={53 3},
  pages={
          688-708
        }
}
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461 Citations
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Background Citations
145
Methods Citations
3
Results Citations
8

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Studies Describing Relationship Between Menopausal Status and Blood Pressure or Cardiovascular Events
TLDR
This review focuses on studies in postmenopausal women (PMW), the relationship between menopause and hypertension, factors contributing to hypertension in PMW, and discussion of identification and treatment of hypertension inPMW.
Menopause and hypertension: an age-old debate.
TLDR
This review focuses on studies in postmenopausal women (PMW), the relationship between menopause and hypertension, factors contributing to hypertension in PMW, and discussion of identification and treatment of hypertension inPMW.
Hypertension in pre- and postmenopausal women
TLDR
An overview of the hypertensive status of women in these various phases of life is offered, some of which are more applicable to women and their mechanisms, and the influence of comorbidities are reviewed.
Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women
TLDR
There is evidence that blood pressure may not be as well-controlled in women as in men, despite the fact that most women adhere better to their therapeutic regimens and medications than do men, and have their blood pressures measured more frequently thanDo men.
Endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in men.
TLDR
The studies reviewed in this article suggest that circulating endogenous sex hormones and estrogens have a neutral or beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease in men.
Hormone Therapy and Blood Pressure in Postmenopausal Women
Impact of ovarian function on cardiovascular health in women: focus on hypertension
TLDR
Current understanding of the mechanisms by which estrogens regulate blood pressure and the potential use of hormone therapy in prevention of hypertension and consequent cardiovascular risk is summarized.
Estrogen Signaling in the Adrenal Cortex: Implications for Blood Pressure Sex Differences
TLDR
The effects of estrogens on other potent pressor mechanisms, and particularly those involving the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), have received less attention and are still underused in postmenopausal women, notwithstanding the high rate of resistant hypertension in this population.
Sex Differences in the Role of the Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor in the Regulation of Blood Pressure
Gender Differences in Hypertension
TLDR
Different roles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Apelin signaling, sex hormone, endothelin-1, and sympathetic nervous activity contribute to sex differences in blood pressure control, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for hypertension are summarized.
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References

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TLDR
Hypertensive men had lower levels of both free and total testosterone and androstenedione than controls and the converse was true for hypertensive women, and testosterone levels were similar in blacks and whites regardless of gender or blood pressure.
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TLDR
Investigations of gender differences in pathophysiology and response to treatment of essential hypertension have not been extensive, and current evidence does not support gender-specific treatment of hypertension at the present time.
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This chapter reviews effects of sex hormones on the vasculature with emphasis on the processes that influence the progression of atherosclerosis and thus alter cardiovascular risk.
Gender Differences in the Regulation of Blood Pressure
TLDR
Findings in animal studies show that there is a blunting of the pressure-natriuresis relationship in male spontaneously hypertensive rats and in ovariectomized female spontaneously hypertension rats treated chronically with testosterone, suggesting that the loss of estrogens may be the only component involved in the higher blood pressure in women after menopause.
Sex hormones and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in men with hypertension
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The fasting serum testosterone and free testosterone levels were decreased and the plasma factor VII and PAI-1 levels increased in the men with hypertension, consistent with the hypothesis that risk factors for coronary heart disease in men are linked.
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TLDR
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Short‐Term Effects of Estrogen and Progestin on Blood Pressure of Normotensive Postmenopausal Women
TLDR
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TLDR
Age is probably a predisposing factor, for hypertension occurred more frequently among the older women, and the recommendation that postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy should have their blood pressure measured every 6 months is made.
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