Sex Differences in the Gut Microbiome Drive Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Autoimmunity

@article{Markle2013SexDI,
  title={Sex Differences in the Gut Microbiome Drive Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Autoimmunity},
  author={Janet G. Markle and Daniel N. Frank and Steven Mortin-Toth and Charles E. Robertson and Leah M. Feazel and Ulrike E. Rolle-Kampczyk and Martin von Bergen and Kathy D. McCoy and Andrew J. Macpherson and Jayne S. Danska},
  journal={Science},
  year={2013},
  volume={339},
  pages={1084 - 1088}
}
Mighty Male Microbes Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to an individual's susceptibility to autoimmune disease, but the specific environmental influences are not well characterized. Markle et al. (p. 1084, published online 17 January; see the Perspective by Flak et al.) explored how microbial factors, in particular the gut microbiota, influence susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in mice. In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes, female mice are significantly… 
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Microbiome manipulation modifies sex-specific risk for autoimmunity

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Gut microbiota differently contributes to intestinal immune phenotype and systemic autoimmune progression in female and male lupus-prone mice

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The microbiome as a target for endocrine disruptors: Novel chemicals may disrupt androgen and microbiome-mediated autoimmunity

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Results indicate that higher levels of diversity along with the presence of beneficial microbes and the resulting microbial-produced metabolites can act as protectors against T1D onset, however, the specifics of the interplay between host and microbes are yet to be discovered.

Estrogen-mediated gut microbiome alterations influence sexual dimorphism in metabolic syndrome in mice

Gut microbiome mediates the preventive effect of estrogen on metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade chronic inflammation, the underlying causes of MS and chronic diseases, and suggests novel therapeutic targets and strategies for the management of obesity and MS in males and postmenopausal women.

Mini-Review: Gut-Microbiota and the Sex-Bias in Autoimmunity – Lessons Learnt From Animal Models

Evidence from animal models demonstrating that the gut-microbiota is sexually dimorphic is discussed, that there is a bidirectional relationship between the production of sex-hormones and the Gut- Microbiota, and that this sexual dimorphism within the gut, or gut- microbiota may influence the sex-bias observed in autoimmune disease development are discussed.

The Impact of Microbiome Alterations in the NOD Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes

It is reported that despite quantifiable, durable changes in the gut microbiome of NOD recipients of NOR-derived microbiome transplant compared to NO D and NOR controls, these mice were not protected from T1D.
...

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