Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial

@article{Dormandy2005SecondaryPO,
  title={Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial},
  author={John A. Dormandy and Bernard H Charbonnel and David J A Eckland and Erland Erdmann and M. Massi-Benedetti and Ian K Moules and Allan Skene and Meng H. Tan and Pierre J. Lef{\`e}bvre and Gordon Murray and Eberhard Standl and Robert G. Wilcox and Lars Wilhelmsen and John D. Betteridge and K{\aa}re I. Birkeland and Alain Golay and Robert J. Heine and L{\'a}szl{\'o} Kor{\'a}nyi and Markku Laakso and Mari{\'a}n Mok{\'a}ň and Antanas Norkus and Valdis Pīrāgs and Toomas Podar and Andr{\'e} Scheen and Werner A. Scherbaum and Guntram Schernthaner and Ole E Schmitz and Jan {\vS}krha and Ulf Smith and Jan Tatoň},
  journal={The Lancet},
  year={2005},
  volume={366},
  pages={1279-1289}
}
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The effect of pioglitazone on recurrent myocardial infarction in 2,445 patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: results from the PROactive (PROactive 05) Study.
Effects of pioglitazone on macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high risk of stroke: the PROFIT-J study.
TLDR
It is indicated that two years of pioglitazone treatment did not produce any statistically significant reductions in the rate of primary cardiovascular events, and the results indicated that Piog litazone therapy produces immediate and effective improvements in glycemic control, diastolic blood pressure and lipid profiles.
Effects of pioglitazone on major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: results from PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macro Vascular Events (PROactive 10).
Effects of Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With or Without Previous Stroke: Results From PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events 04)
TLDR
In a subgroup analysis from PROactive, pioglitazone reduced the risk of recurrent stroke significantly in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes.
The PROactive trial (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): what does it mean for primary care physicians?
TLDR
The PROactive trial was undertaken to test whether treatment with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone could decrease the number of CVD events in high-risk patients with T2DM.
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction and Mild Diabetes Mellitus Following Treatment With Pioglitazone: Reports of a Randomised Trial From The Japan Working Group for the Assessment Whether Pioglitazone Protects DM Patients Against Re-Infarction (PPAR Study).
Pioglitazone for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
TLDR
Pioglitazone should be considered in patients with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus for the prevention of cardiovascular endpoints, especially in those with a history of established CVD who might benefit the most.
Pioglitazone and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TLDR
Pioglitazone was associated with reduced risk of MACE in people with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus, however, the risks of heart failure, bone fracture, oedema and weight gain were increased.
Legacy Effect of Intensive Blood Glucose Control on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Very High Risk or Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes: New clinical studies and effects of GLP-1 on macrovascular complications.
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References

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The prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events (PROactive): can pioglitazone reduce cardiovascular events in diabetes? Study design and baseline characteristics of 5238 patients.
TLDR
The cohort of patients enrolled in PROactive is a typical type 2 diabetic population at high risk of further macrovascular events, and the characteristics of this population are ideal for assessing the ability of pioglitazone to reduce the cardiovascular risk of patients with type 2 diabetes.
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Improvement of cardiovascular risk markers by pioglitazone is independent from glycemic control: results from the pioneer study.
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
TLDR
The effects of intensive blood-glucose control with either sulphonylurea or insulin and conventional treatment on the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial were compared.
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
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Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction.
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It is suggested that diabetic patients without previous myocardial infarction have as high a risk of myocardia infarctions as nondiabetic patients with previous my Cardiac Arrest.
Pioglitazone elicits long-term improvements in insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: comparisons with gliclazide-based regimens
TLDR
The PIO- based regimens resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and more favourable insulin sensitivity-related lipid profiles compared with the GLIC-based regimens and may be important in the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Glycated haemoglobin, diabetes, and mortality in men in Norfolk cohort of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk)
TLDR
Glycated haemoglobin concentration seems to explain most of the excess mortality risk of diabetes in men and to be a continuous risk factor through the whole population distribution.
Diabetes, Other Risk Factors, and 12-Yr Cardiovascular Mortality for Men Screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
TLDR
Findings emphasize the need for rigorous sustained intervention in people with diabetes to control blood pressure, lower serum cholesterol, and abolish cigarette smoking, and the importance of considering nutritional-hygienic approaches on a mass scale to prevent diabetes.
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