Second-Impact Syndrome

@article{Cobb2004SecondImpactS,
  title={Second-Impact Syndrome},
  author={Sarah Cobb and Barbara Battin},
  journal={The Journal of School Nursing},
  year={2004},
  volume={20},
  pages={262 - 267}
}
Sports-related injuries are among the more common causes of injury in adolescents that can result in concussion and its sequelae, postconcussion syndrome and second-impact syndrome (SIS). Students who experience multiple brain injuries within a short period of time (hours, days, or weeks) may suffer catastrophic or fatal reactions related to SIS. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to the dangers of SIS, and current return-to-play guidelines may be too lenient to protect a student from SIS… 
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Evidence-based management of concussion in youth athletes
TLDR
A universal, systematic approach from sideline assessment to medical evaluation and then on to the return to play (RTP) process should be the foundation of management.
Head Injuries in Children
  • N. Pennington
  • Medicine
    The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses
  • 2010
TLDR
A systematic approach to the management of head injuries is essential for preventing possible complications and developing a head injury protocol in the school setting is one strategy to make sure that all involved are able to consistently and effectively respond to a head Injury Protocol.
The Controversial Second Impact Syndrome: A Review of the Literature.
CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND THE FUTURE OF FOOTBALL
TLDR
Future programs, such as Return to Play (RTP) guidelines, must more effectively prevent and treat concussions in professional athletes, and especially in youth athletes.
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The authors provide a theoretical review of current best practices for the multidisciplinary team along with a discussion of baseline and postconcussion neurocognitive assessment and management procedures directly involving speech‐language pathology.
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TLDR
Clinicians and administrators should make concussion education a priority and encourage an optimal reporting environment to better manage and prevent concussive injuries in young athletes.
What Definition Is Used to Describe Second Impact Syndrome in Sports? A Systematic and Critical Review
TLDR
It is found that most articles define SIS as a syndrome requiring catastrophic brain injury after consecutive concussive episodes, and given that it is unclear how common it is to have a second concussion while not fully recovered from a first concussion, the actual mortality rate is unknown.
Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury.
The Effectiveness of Early Educational Interventions in the Emergency Department to Reduce Incidence or Severity of Postconcussion Syndrome Following a Concussion: A Systematic Review.
TLDR
Only limited evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of early educational interventions following concussion, and higher-quality research in the field of early interventions for patients in the acute care setting is urgently required.
Concussion: A Global Perspective.
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