Roots, nitrogen transformations, and ecosystem services.

@article{Jackson2008RootsNT,
  title={Roots, nitrogen transformations, and ecosystem services.},
  author={Louise E. Jackson and Martin Burger and Timothy R. Cavagnaro},
  journal={Annual review of plant biology},
  year={2008},
  volume={59},
  pages={
          341-63
        }
}
This review considers some of the mechanistic processes that involve roots in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, and their implications for the ecological functions that retain N within ecosystems: 1) root signaling pathways for N transport systems, and feedback inhibition, especially for NO(3)(-) uptake; 2) dependence on the mycorrhizal and Rhizobium/legume symbioses and their tradeoffs for N acquisition; 3) soil factors that influence the supply of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) to roots and soil microbes… 
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264 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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264 Citations

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Root Strategies for Nitrate Assimilation
Nitrogen (N) is a major constituent of plant macromolecules, and nitrate (NO3 –) is the predominant form of inorganic N available to higher plants in aerobic soils. The concentration of NO3 – in soil…
Inorganic Nitrogen Uptake and Transport in Beneficial Plant Root-Microbe Interactions
TLDR
To unravel the symbiotic N “transportome” blueprint from various host plant combinations, it is critical to facilitate the first steps favoring the manipulation of crops toward greater nitrogen use efficiency and mycorrhizal or rhizobial ability.
Nitrogen processes in terrestrial ecosystems
Executive summary Nature of the problem Nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems is complex and includes microbial processes such as mineralization, nitrification and denitrification, plant…
Rhizosphere microbiological processes and eucalypt nutrition: Synthesis and conceptualization.
TLDR
A better understanding of rhizosphere microbiological processes may allow improvements in Eucalyptus nutrition and production, as well as in accurate long-term estimates of SOM stocks and C-CO2 exchanges between forest soils and the atmosphere.
Root expression of nitrogen metabolism genes reflects soil nitrogen cycling in an organic agroecosystem
TLDR
Root expression of genes such as GS1 could complement soil inorganic N pools and measurements of soil microbial activity to serve as integrative indicators of rapid plant-soil N cycling.
Physiology and Distribution of Nitrogen in Soils
One of the important element for plant growth and which signifies soil health is Nitrogen. Soil is majorly bound with inorganic (NO2−, NO3−, non-exchangeable (mineral-fixed) NH4+, exchangeable NH4+,…
Nitrogen balance in forest soils: nutritional limitation of plants under climate change stresses.
TLDR
The present understanding of ecosystem N cycling in N-limited forests and its interaction with extreme climate events, such as heat, drought and flooding are summarized and the consequences of drying-wetting cycles on N cycling are discussed.
Resource stoichiometry mediates soil C loss and nutrient transformations in forest soils
TLDR
While root exudates with low C and N have the potential to accelerate soil C losses by stimulating microbes to mine N from soil organic matter, the consequences of exudate inputs on nutrient fluxes are less predictable, and may hinge on the recalcitrance of (soil organic matter) SOM, N availability and microbial communities.
Soil organic nitrogen: an overlooked but potentially significant contribution to crop nutrition
TLDR
Several mechanisms by which organic N (ON) uptake and assimilation may increase crop NUE are proposed, such as by reducing N assimilation costs, promoting root biomass growth, shaping N cycling microbial communities, recapturing exuded N compounds, and aligning the root uptake capacity to the soil N supply in highly fertilized systems.
Effects of soil nitrogen availability on rhizodeposition in plants: a review
BackgroundSoil contains the majority of terrestrial carbon (C), forming the foundation for soil fertility and nutrient cycling. One key source of soil C is root-derived C, or rhizodeposits, which…
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References

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TLDR
Top-down metabolic control analysis shows that the control over the rate at which roots grow is shared between root and shoot, with most control being in the shoot.
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TLDR
Evidence is brought together to show that roots can directly regulate most aspects of rhizosphere C flow either by regulating the exudation process itself or by directly regulating the recapture of exudates from soil.
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Nitrogen (N) is the main mineral element in plant tissues and almost all of this nutrient is acquired from the soil by the roots. Nitrogen is available in many different forms in the soil, but the…
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
The presented model is based primarily on knowledge about the physiology of a few leguminous crop species and of ecosystem processes in managed, perennial grassland in temperate climatic conditions, and may stimulate thinking about functional relationships between symbiotic N2 fixation and terrestrial ecosystems at various system levels.
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