Review of the effect of opioid-related side effects on the undertreatment of moderate to severe chronic non-cancer pain: tapentadol, a step toward a solution?

@article{Candiotti2010ReviewOT,
  title={Review of the effect of opioid-related side effects on the undertreatment of moderate to severe chronic non-cancer pain: tapentadol, a step toward a solution?},
  author={Keith A Candiotti and Melvin C. Gitlin},
  journal={Current Medical Research and Opinion},
  year={2010},
  volume={26},
  pages={1677 - 1684}
}
Abstract Objective: Opioids are among the most effective and potent analgesics currently available. Their utility in the management of pain associated with cancer, acute injury, or surgery is well recognized. However, extending the application of opioids to the management of chronic non-cancer pain has met with considerable resistance. This resistance is due in part to concerns related to gastrointestinal and central nervous system-related adverse events as well as issues pertaining to… 
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52 Citations

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Despite the widespread use of opioids in the management of chronic non-cancer pain, significant research gaps remain and an improvement in the evidence base for its prescription is required.
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A paucity of literature exists concerning both controlled and observational literature for multiple drugs and multiple conditions of chronic non-cancer pain, and only one drug, tramadol, is effective for pain relief and improvement of functional status.
Opioid-Induced Constipation: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities
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    The American Journal of Gastroenterology
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Novel patient response outcomes have been developed to facilitate demonstration of efficacy and safety of drugs in development for OIC: prolonged release formulations that contain naloxone and a new class of peripherally restricted μ-opiate receptor antagonists.
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This review will update the new options and strategies available for treating OIC along with the relevant clinical trials, and provides a recommendation on the preferred way to approach a patient with OIC in the modern era.
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A thorough review of the currently available traditional and pharmacological methods of treating opiod-related constipations is offered, including the PAMORA group, which unlike the previously employed drugs, are unable to interact with the central nervous system.
Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: a ten-year perspective.
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An updated 10-year perspective on therapeutic use, abuse, and non-medical use of opioids and their consequences is provided.
Responsible, Safe, and Effective Prescription of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) Guidelines.
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These guidelines are intended to provide a systematic and standardized approach to this complex and difficult arena of practice, while recognizing that every clinical situation is unique.
Economic study on the impact of side effects in patients taking oxycodone controlled-release for noncancer pain.
TLDR
Among adults taking oxycodone CR for chronic noncancer pain (with or without a neuropathic pain component), over three-fourths reported being bothered by side effects, resulting in increased payer costs.
Budget impact analysis of tapentadol extended release for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic noncancer pain.
American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: Part I--evidence assessment.
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The focus of these guidelines is to curtail the abuse of opioids without jeopardizing non-cancer pain management with opioids, and to reduce the incidence of abuse and drug diversion.
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