Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: Their potential human health impact

@article{Kim2016ReviewOE,
  title={Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: Their potential human health impact},
  author={Ki-Hyun Kim and Ehsanul Kabir and Shamin Ara Jahan},
  journal={Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C},
  year={2016},
  volume={34},
  pages={262 - 275}
}
ABSTRACT Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are devised to deliver nicotine in a vapor rather than in smoke without tar. ECs are hence advertised as being safer than tobacco cigarette products as the chemical compounds inhaled in the former are believed to be fewer and less toxic than those of the latter. Hazardous chemicals (e.g., formaldehyde) are nonetheless found to be generated incidentally by contacting the heated wire (i.e., the oxidation of glycerol/glycol in e-liquid). Although the extent of… Expand
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Oral Carcinoma Associated with Chronic Use of Electronic Cigarettes
TLDR
Two cases of oral carcinoma associated with chronic use of E-cigarettes are reported and highlight the need for increased awareness of this important, and potentially fatal, risk. Expand
E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness: A randomized, double-blinded pilot study
TLDR
In this first of its kind trial, changes in peripheral and central blood pressure and also in pulse wave velocity after smoking a cigarette as well as after vaping a nicotine-containing electronic cigarette are observed and may be associated with an increased long-term cardiovascular risk. Expand
Puff-resolved analysis and selected quantification of chemicals in the gas phase of E-Cigarettes, Heat-not-Burn devices and conventional cigarettes using single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS): A comparative study.
TLDR
The data shows that consumers switching from CC to ANDD are exposed to lower concentrations of harmful and potentially harmful substances, however, toxicological and epidemiological studies must deliver conclusive results if these reduced exposures are beneficial for users. Expand
E-cigs . . . Are They Cool? Talking to Teens About E-Cigarettes
TLDR
The basics of e-cigarettes and potential health hazards are outlined, followed by selected literature on teens’ perceptions of E-cigarettes, as well as motivational interviewing strategies that can be used in talking to teens about using electronic cigarettes. Expand
Heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni) in aerosols emitted from electronic cigarettes sold in Malaysia
TLDR
Five out of 100 combinations of ECIG and ECIG liquids were found to emit Cr that exceed the recommended PDE, and future studies examining more heavy metal variants, using a larger sample size and different analytical techniques to compare various ECIGs are recommended. Expand
Oral mucosal lesions in electronic cigarettes consumers versus former smokers
TLDR
An increased prevalence of three specific types of OMLs was detected among ECs consumers. Expand
Evaluation of e-liquid toxicity using an open-source high-throughput screening assay
TLDR
The data suggest that an HTS approach to evaluate the toxicity of multiple e-liquids is feasible and may serve as a roadmap to enable bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to better regulate e-liquid composition. Expand
Analysis of the elements and metals in multiple generations of electronic cigarette atomizers.
TLDR
Evaluated atomizer components in ECs were remarkably similar over time and between brands, and certain elements/metals should be studied carefully to determine if their transfer to aerosols affects user's health and if their accumulation in trash affects the environment. Expand
Ocular conditions and dry eye due to traditional and new forms of smoking: A review.
TLDR
It is concluded that smoking and vaping appear as a risk factor for the aforementioned ocular diseases: cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and Graves' ophthalmopathy. Expand
Mitochondrial Stress Response in Neural Stem Cells Exposed to Electronic Cigarettes
TLDR
It is shown that the mechanism underlying EC-induced stem cell toxicity is stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion (SIMH), a transient survival response accompanied by increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, now widely available in EC refill fluids and in pure form for do-it-yourself EC products. Expand
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