Reunderstanding of garden type I femoral neck fractures by 3-dimensional reconstruction.

@article{Du2013ReunderstandingOG,
  title={Reunderstanding of garden type I femoral neck fractures by 3-dimensional reconstruction.},
  author={Chang-ling Du and Xin-long Ma and Tao Zhang and Hua-feng Zhang and Chen-guang Wang and Feng Zhao and Jian‐xiong Ma and Xin Fu and Zhi-jun Li},
  journal={Orthopedics},
  year={2013},
  volume={36 6},
  pages={
          820-5
        }
}
Garden type I fractures include incomplete fractures and impacted fractures. With advances in scientific technology and medical treatment, certain deficiencies of the Garden classification have become apparent. The authors hypothesized that the incidence of incomplete femoral neck fractures was low and that impacted femoral neck fractures were not undisplaced and stable fractures. A new method was developed to precisely measure the spatial displacement of the femoral head in impacted femoral… 
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A special superior cortex compressive fracture of femoral neck
TLDR
The Garden type I femoral neck fractures are rare and the conservative treatment schedule including immobilization of the affected lower limb, strict bed rest, bed-to-wheelchair transfer training, and half- to-full weight bearing mobilization were chosen to treat the patients.
Four-Year Prospective Evaluation of Femoral Neck Fractures: Types and Complications
TLDR
The results showed that most of the patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to Rasoul Akram Hospital were associated with displacement, and the most common complications were pain and claudication, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and nonunion.
Current Trends in the Evaluation and Management of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly.
TLDR
Arthroplasty is increasingly considered a viable option in the treatment of these fractures, especially in the presence of factors that predispose to failure after fixation, such as nonunion, fixation failure, osteonecrosis, and femoral shortening causing inferior hip function.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Modeling of the Spatial Displacement, Extent and Rotational Orientation of Undisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures
TLDR
3D reconstruction and modeling may be a better tool for assessing femoral neck fractures than the Garden classification, and many participants in this study had been misclassified by an anterior–posterior radiograph as having an “incomplete” fracture.
Correlation Between Residual Displacement and Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Following Cannulated Screw Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures
TLDR
A new method for measuring the residual displacement of the femoral head after internal fixation was introduced and a close relationship between residual displacement and ONFH was found, and high-quality reduction was necessary to avoid complications.
Classifications in Brief: Garden Classification of Femoral Neck Fractures
TLDR
The Pauwel classification, as it has come to be called, stratified fractures in three groups based on inclination of the fracture line relative to the horizontal: Type I, less than 30°; Type II, 30° to 50°; and Type III, greater than 50°, which found that Types I and II fractures had a 100% union rate.
Three-dimensional analyses to predict surgical outcomes in non-displaced or valgus impaction fractures of the femoral neck: A multicenter retrospective study.
Undisplaced femoral neck fractures need a closed reduction before internal fixation
TLDR
In the present study, posterior tilt, presence of complete fracture, interval from injury to surgery, and changes in activities of daily living were statistically analyzed to investigate the association between nonunion and late segmental collapse (LSC).
Bilateral symmetrical comparison of the proximal femur using 3D-CT models
TLDR
Distances between the left and right femoral heads were larger than what could be explained by measurement error alone, suggesting that there may be minor side-to-side differences, and 3D-CT-models can be used as a reference standard to evaluate displacement of femoral neck fractures.
On-table decision-making in intracapsular hip fracture surgery: mid-term results of a pilot study
TLDR
The mid-term outcome after internal fixation is promising and the careful selection process may be helpful in identifying fracture patterns for which internal fixation may be considered as a safe and less invasive alternative to hip arthroplasty.
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