# Retrieving scattering clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere of HR 8799e

@article{Mollire2020RetrievingSC,
title={Retrieving scattering clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere of HR 8799e},
author={Paul Molli{\e}re and Tomas Stolker and Sylvestre Lacour and G. P. P. L. Otten and Jinyi Shangguan and Benjamin Charnay and Tamara Molyarova and M. Nowak and Th. Henning and Gabriel-Dominique Marleau and Dimitry Semenov and Ewine F. van Dishoeck and Frank Eisenhauer and Paolo J. V. Garcia and R. Garcia Lopez and Julien H. Girard and Alexandra Z. Greenbaum and Sasha Hinkley and Pierre Kervella and Laura Kreidberg and A.-L. Maire and E. Nasedkin and Laurent Pueyo and Ignas A. G. Snellen and Arthur Vigan and Junping Wang and P. Tim de Zeeuw and Alice Zurlo},
journal={arXiv: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics},
year={2020}
}`
Clouds are ubiquitous in exoplanet atmospheres and represent a challenge for the model interpretation of their spectra. Complex cloud models are too numerically costly for generating a large number of spectra, while more efficient models may be too strongly simplified. We aim to constrain the atmospheric properties of the directly imaged planet HR 8799e with a free retrieval approach. We use our radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS for generating spectra, which we couple to the PyMultiNest… Expand
22 Citations

#### Figures and Tables from this paper

The composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres assembled within chemically evolved protoplanetary discs
• Physics
• 2020
The radial-dependent positions of snowlines of abundant oxygen- and carbon-bearing molecules in protoplanetary discs will result in systematic radial variations in the C/O ratios in the gas and ice.Expand
Moderate-resolution K-band Spectroscopy of Substellar Companion κ Andromedae b
We present moderate-resolution (R ~ 4000) K-band spectra of the "super-Jupiter," κ Andromedae b. The data were taken with the OSIRIS integral field spectrograph at Keck Observatory. The spectraExpand
The ExoGRAVITY project: using single mode interferometry to characterize exoplanets
• S. Lacour, +89 authors J. Woillez
• Engineering, Physics
• Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation
• 2020
Combining adaptive optics and interferometric observations results in a considerable contrast gain compared to single-telescope, extreme AO systems. Taking advantage of this, the ExoGRAVITY projectExpand
MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4–5 μm
The circumstellar disk of PDS 70 hosts two forming planets, which are actively accreting gas from their environment. In this work, we report the first detection of PDS 70 b in the Br$\alpha$ and $M'$Expand
Star and planet formation with the new generation VLTI and CHARA beam combiners
• Engineering, Physics
• Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation
• 2020
The diversity of planetary systems discovered in recent years has reinforced the interest in the conditions of the formation of stars and their planetary systems. The new generation of imagingExpand
Direct confirmation of the radial-velocity planetβPictoris c
Methods used to detect giant exoplanets can be broadly divided into two categories: indirect and direct. Indirect methods are more sensitive to planets with a small orbital period, whereas directExpand
On-sky performance and recent results from the Subaru coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics system
• T. Currie, +10 authors N. Kasdin
• Engineering, Computer Science
• Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation
• 2020
The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument on the Subaru telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii is continuing to advance its AO performance, delivering H band Strehl ratios in excess of 0.9 for bright stars. Expand
The TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project IV: A Hydrocarbon-rich Disk Atmosphere
Connecting the composition of planet-forming disks with that of gas giant exoplanet atmospheres, in particular through C/O ratios, is one of the key goals of disk chemistry. Small hydrocarbons likeExpand
Aerosols in Exoplanet Atmospheres
• Environmental Science, Physics
• 2021
Observations of exoplanet atmospheres have shown that aerosols, like in the Solar System, are common across a variety of temperatures and planet types. The formation and distribution of theseExpand
Cloud busting: enstatite and quartz clouds in the atmosphere of 2M2224-0158
We present the most detailed data-driven exploration of cloud opacity in a substellar object to-date. We have tested over 60 combinations of cloud composition and structure, particle sizeExpand

#### References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 168 REFERENCES
ATMOSPHERIC RETRIEVAL ANALYSIS OF THE DIRECTLY IMAGED EXOPLANET HR 8799b
• Physics
• 2013
Directly imaged exoplanets are unexplored laboratories for the application of the spectral and temperature retrieval method, where the chemistry and composition of their atmospheres are inferred fromExpand
A comparison of chemistry and dust cloud formation in ultracool dwarf model atmospheres
The atmospheres of substellar objects contain clouds of oxides, iron, silicates and other refractory condensates. Water clouds are expected in the coolest objects. The opacity of these 'dust' cloudsExpand
Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres
• Physics
• 2012
As brown dwarfs cool, a variety of species condense in their atmospheres, forming clouds. Iron and silicate clouds shape the emergent spectra of L dwarfs, but these clouds dissipate at the L/TExpand
Unveiling cloudy exoplanets: the influence of cloud model choices on retrieval solutions
In recent years, it has become clear that a substantial fraction of transiting exoplanets have some form of aerosol present in their atmospheres. Transit spectroscopy – mostly of hot Jupiters, butExpand
Fingering convection and cloudless models for cool brown dwarf atmospheres
This work aims to improve the current understanding of the atmospheres of brown dwarfs, especially cold ones with spectral type T and Y, whose modeling is a current challenge. Silicate and ironExpand
ARCiS framework for exoplanet atmospheres : The cloud transport model
• Physics
• 2019
Context. Understanding of clouds is instrumental in interpreting current and future spectroscopic observations of exoplanets. Modeling clouds consistently is complex, since it involves many facets ofExpand
Exploring Biases of Atmospheric Retrievals in Simulated JWST Transmission Spectra of Hot Jupiters
• Physics
• 2016
With a scheduled launch in October 2018, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionise the field of atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage andExpand
ATMOSPHERIC RETRIEVAL FOR SUPER-EARTHS: UNIQUELY CONSTRAINING THE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION WITH TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
• Physics
• 2012
We present a retrieval method based on Bayesian analysis to infer the atmospheric compositions and surface or cloud-top pressures from transmission spectra of exoplanets with general compositions. InExpand
Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets
• Physics
• 2019
The precipitation of cloud particles in brown dwarf and exoplanet atmospheres establishes an ongoing downward flux of condensable elements. To understand the efficiency of cloud formation, it isExpand
HD 209458b in new light: evidence of nitrogen chemistry, patchy clouds and sub-solar water
• Physics
• 2017
Interpretations of exoplanetary transmission spectra have been undermined by apparent obscuration due to clouds/hazes. Debate rages on whether weak H$_2$O features seen in exoplanet spectra are dueExpand