Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5α Antiviral Protein

@article{Kaiser2007RestrictionOA,
  title={Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5$\alpha$ Antiviral Protein},
  author={Shari M. Kaiser and Harmit S. Malik and Michael Emerman},
  journal={Science},
  year={2007},
  volume={316},
  pages={1756 - 1758}
}
Primate genomes contain a large number of endogenous retroviruses and encode evolutionarily dynamic proteins that provide intrinsic immunity to retroviral infections. We report here the resurrection of the core protein of a 4-million-year-old endogenous virus from the chimpanzee genome and show that the human variant of the intrinsic immune protein TRIM5α can actively prevent infection by this virus. However, we suggest that selective changes that have occurred in the human lineage during the… 
View on AAAS
vcu.edu
125 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
5
Background Citations
56
Methods Citations
3

125 Citations

Is the high virulence of HIV-1 an unfortunate coincidence of primate lentiviral evolution?
TLDR
It is proposed that the acquisition of vpu may have allowed the viral lineage that gave rise to HIV-1 to evolve towards greater pathogenicity by removing the selective pressure for a protective Nef function that prevents damagingly high levels of immune activation.
Antiretroviral Activity of Ancestral TRIM5α
TLDR
The resurrected TRIM5α variant from the common ancestor of Old World primates was effective against present day HIV-1 and it is shown that the restriction efficacy against other retroviruses, such as a murine oncoretrovirus (N-MLV), is higher for more recent resurrected hominoid variants.
Host Factors that Restrict Retrovirus Replication
TLDR
The prospects of developing new antiviral therapies that exploit these innate host defenses are promising, as these restriction systems limit the cross-species mobility of retroviruses.
Retroviruses of the RDR superinfection interference group: ancient origins and broad host distribution of a promiscuous Env gene.
TRIM5α Restricts Flavivirus Replication by Targeting the Viral Protease for Proteasomal Degradation
Evolution of the Retroviral Restriction Gene Fv1: Inhibition of Non-MLV Retroviruses
TLDR
The hypothesis that Fv1 defended mice against waves of retroviral infection possibly including non-MLVs as well as MLVs is supported, including activity against lentiviruses and spumaviruses.
Homology-based Identification of Capsid Determinants That Protect HIV1 from Human TRIM5α Restriction*
TLDR
The results indicate that retroviruses have evolved similar mechanisms to escape TRIM5α restriction via the interference of structurally homologous determinants in the viral capsid.
Evidence for Restriction of Ancient Primate Gammaretroviruses by APOBEC3 but Not TRIM5α Proteins
TLDR
The analyses suggest that TRIM5α proteins did not pose a major barrier to the cross-species transmission of these two families of gammaretroviruses, and did not contribute to their extinction, and extensive evidence for inactivation of ancient gammeretroviruse through the action of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases is uncovered.
Targeting TRIM5α in HIV Cure Strategies for the CRISPR-Cas9 Era
In the past decade, studies of innate immune activity against HIV-1 and other retroviruses have revealed a powerful array of host factors that can attack the virus at various stages of its life cycle…
Paleovirology—Modern Consequences of Ancient Viruses
TLDR
It is suggested that selection to survive the pathogenic effects of these viruses has shaped the repertoire of antiviral defenses in ways that impact the authors' resistance or susceptibility to modern-day emerging viruses.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 25 REFERENCES
Adaptive evolution of primate TRIM5α, a gene restricting HIV-1 infection ☆
Positive selection of primate TRIM5alpha identifies a critical species-specific retroviral restriction domain.
TLDR
This study finds strong evidence for ancient positive selection in the primate TRIM5alpha gene and shows that this patch is generally essential for retroviral restriction and is responsible for most of the species-specific antiretroviral restriction activity.
Ancient Adaptive Evolution of the Primate Antiviral DNA-Editing Enzyme APOBEC3G
TLDR
It is shown that the APOBEC3G gene has been subject to strong positive selection throughout the history of primate evolution, and appears more ancient than, and is likely only partially caused by, modern lentiviruses.
The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5α restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys
TLDR
Host cell barriers to the early phase of immunodeficiency virus replication explain the current distribution of these viruses among human and non-human primate species and reveal host cell components that modulate the uncoating of a retroviral capsid.
Retrovirus Restriction by TRIM5α Variants from Old World and New World Primates
TLDR
Variation in TRIM5α proteins among primate species accounts for the observed patterns of postentry restrictions in cells from these animals.
A Single Amino Acid Change in the SPRY Domain of Human Trim5α Leads to HIV-1 Restriction
Reconstitution of an Infectious Human Endogenous Retrovirus
TLDR
The resurrection of this extinct infectious agent in a functional form from molecular fossils should enable studies of the molecular virology and pathogenic potential of this ancient human retrovirus.
High-Frequency Persistence of an Impaired Allele of the Retroviral Defense Gene TRIM5α in Humans
Identification of an infectious progenitor for the multiple-copy HERV-K human endogenous retroelements.
TLDR
This work derived in silico the sequence of the putative ancestral "progenitor" element of one of the most recently amplified family of retroviruses - the HERV-K family - and constructed it, which produces viral particles that disclose all of the structural and functional properties of a bona-fide retrovirus.
Specific recognition and accelerated uncoating of retroviral capsids by the TRIM5alpha restriction factor.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that TRIM5alpha variants from Old World monkeys specifically associate with the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) capsid and that this interaction depends on the TRIM 5alpha B30.2 domain.
...
...