Repeated retrieval during learning is the key to long-term retention
@article{Karpicke2007RepeatedRD,
title={Repeated retrieval during learning is the key to long-term retention},
author={Jeffrey D. Karpicke and Henry L. Roediger},
journal={Journal of Memory and Language},
year={2007},
volume={57},
pages={151-162}
}
487 Citations
Retention beyond the threshold: Test-enhanced relearning of forgotten information
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The effect of repeated testing on delayed relearning of paired associates was investigated. Participants learned two lists of Lithuanian-Dutch word pairs until reaching the criterion of one correct…
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A paradigm is introduced that can measure the indirect, potentiating effect of free recall tests on subsequent learning, and a hypothesis for why tests may have this potentiate effect is tested.
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Is expanding retrieval a superior method for learning text materials?
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Overall it was found that repeated testing enhanced retention more than did taking a single test, testing with feedback produced better retention than testing without feedback, but most importantly there were no differences between expanding and equally spaced schedules of retrieval practice.
The pretesting effect: do unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance learning?
- Psychology, EducationJournal of experimental psychology. Applied
- 2009
The authors examined the effect of unsuccessful retrieval attempts on learning by reading an essay about vision and found that posttest performance was better in the test condition than in the extended study condition in all experiments--a pretesting effect.
Effects of the initial test interval and feedback timing on L2 vocabulary retention
- PsychologyThe Language Learning Journal
- 2018
The results suggested that memory is susceptible to decay and disruption after retrieval, and testing might not insulate memory strength and content from modification, but repeated retrievals might reduce the susceptibility to interference.
Reversing the testing effect by feedback is a matter of performance criterion at practice
- PsychologyMemory & cognition
- 2020
The results point to the conclusion that the level of retrieval success was the key factor in reversing the testing effect in earlier studies, and application of high retrieval success during practice can produce long-lasting accessible memories even in learning settings applying multiple tests with feedback.
Testing the limits of testing effects using completion tests
- PsychologyMemory
- 2011
The results suggest that scope or type of processing required during retrieval practice is likely a critical factor in whether testing will have specific or robust benefits.
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