Relaxin counteracts the altered gastric motility of dystrophic (mdx) mice: functional and immunohistochemical evidence for the involvement of nitric oxide.

@article{Vannucchi2011RelaxinCT,
  title={Relaxin counteracts the altered gastric motility of dystrophic (mdx) mice: functional and immunohistochemical evidence for the involvement of nitric oxide.},
  author={Maria Giuliana Vannucchi and Rachele Garella and Gianluca Cipriani and Maria Caterina Baccari},
  journal={American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism},
  year={2011},
  volume={300 2},
  pages={
          E380-91
        }
}
Impaired gastric motility ascribable to a defective nitric oxide (NO) production has been reported in dystrophic (mdx) mice. Since relaxin upregulates NO biosynthesis, its effects on the motor responses and NO synthase (NOS) expression in the gastric fundus of mdx mice were investigated. Mechanical responses of gastric strips were recorded via force displacement transducers. Evaluation of the three NOS isoforms was performed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Wild-type (WT) and mdx mice… 
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Relaxin exerts two opposite effects on mechanical activity and nitric oxide synthase expression in the mouse colon.
TLDR
In the colon, relaxin primarily increases the activity and expression of nNOSβ and eNOS in the neurons, causing a reduction of the muscle tone, which may help to better understand the physiology of NO in the gastrointestinal tract and the role that the "relaxin-NO" system plays in motor disorders such as functional bowel disease.
Glucagon-like peptide-2 modulates the nitrergic neurotransmission in strips from the mouse gastric fundus
TLDR
The results demonstrate that in gastric fundal strips, GLP-2 influences the amplitude of neurally-induced responses through the modulation of the nitrergic neurotransmission and increases nNOS expression.
Adiponectin affects the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus
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The results indicate for the first time that ADPN is able to influence the mechanical responses in strips from the mouse gastric fundus.
Nitric Oxide: From Gastric Motility to Gastric Dysmotility
TLDR
The main role of NO on regulating gastric smooth muscle motor responses, with particular reference to NO synthases expression and signaling pathways, is discussed and a possible role of substances which, by interfering with NO production, could prove useful in managing such motor disorders has been advanced.
Relaxin influences ileal muscular activity through a dual signaling pathway in mice
TLDR
It is demonstrated that RLX influences ileal muscle through a dual mechanism involving both GC and AC, as observed in mechanical and electrophysiological experiments.
Relaxin Affects Smooth Muscle Biophysical Properties and Mechanical Activity of the Female Mouse Colon.
TLDR
The electrophysiological results indicate for the first time that RLX directly affects the SMC biophysical properties inducing hyperpolarization of RMP and cycles of slow hyperPolarization/depolarization oscillations.
Spatiotemporal Mapping Reveals Regional Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in mdx Dystrophic Mice Ameliorated by Oral L-arginine Supplementation
TLDR
Findings in mdx mice reveal that L-arginine can improve colonic motility and has potential therapeutic relevance for alleviating GI discomfort, improving clinical care, and enhancing quality of life in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Relaxin and gastrointestinal motility.
TLDR
It appears that relaxin, in addition to its physiological roles, may be regarded as a therapeutic tool in gastrointestinal diseases characterized pathogenically by an altered nitric oxide production.
Evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in mdx mice: an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
TLDR
The concentration of collagen fibers in the stomach and small intestine suggests a direct relationship with the decrease in motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the mdx mice, and therapeutic alternatives to collagen inhibition should be developed to control these manifestations.
Investigating the Potential for Sulforaphane to Attenuate Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in mdx Dystrophic Mice
TLDR
Video imaging and spatiotemporal mapping to assess gastrointestinal contractions in isolated colon preparations from mdx and C57BL/10 mice revealed that SFN reduced contraction frequency when administered ex vivo, demonstrating its therapeutic potential to improve GI function in DMD.
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