Relationship of perfusion pressure and size to risk of hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformations.

@article{Spetzler1992RelationshipOP,
  title={Relationship of perfusion pressure and size to risk of hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformations.},
  author={Robert F. Spetzler and Ronald W. Hargraves and Patrick W. Mccormick and Joseph M. Zabramski and Richard A. Flom and R.S. Zimmerman},
  journal={Journal of neurosurgery},
  year={1992},
  volume={76 6},
  pages={
          918-23
        }
}
The relationship between the size of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and its propensity to hemorrhage is unclear. Although nidus volume increases geometrically with respect to AVM diameter, hemorrhages are at least as common, in small AVM's compared to large AVM's. The authors prospectively evaluated 92 AVM's for nidus size, hematoma size, and arterial feeding pressure to determine if these variables influence the tendency to hemorrhage. Small AVM's (diameter less than or equal to 3 cm… 
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The influence of hemodynamic and anatomic factors on hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
TLDR
Clinical and physiological indices on presentation groups of either hemorrhage or nonhemorrhage in a large cohort of patients were examined, finding deep drainage was a predictor of hemorrhage even in the subgroup of medium and large supratentorial AVMs.
Correlation between intravascular pressure and risk of hemorrhage due to arteriovenous malformations.
The Influence of Vascular Pressure and Angiographic Characteristics on Haemorrhage from Arteriovenous Malformations
TLDR
It is suggested that a high DVP probably induced by high resistance in the venous drainage system, as well as a high FAP, may contribute to the development of haemorrhage from AVMs, and physiologically supports previous reports that small AVMs and AVMs with only one draining vein are susceptible to haem orrhage.
Relationship of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Hemodynamics to Clinical Presentation, Angioarchitectural Features, and Hemorrhage.
TLDR
Flow volume rate in AVM feeders is measured using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA), and the impact of AVM clinical and anatomical characteristics on flow is analyzed to assess the relationship between AVM flow and AVMclinical and angioarchitectural features.
Relationship of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Hemodynamics to Clinical Presentation, Angioarchitectural Features, and Hemorrhage.
TLDR
Flow volume rate in AVM feeders is measured using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA), and the impact of AVM clinical and anatomical characteristics on flow is analyzed to assess the relationship between AVM flow and AVMclinical and angioarchitectural features.
Risk factors for hemorrhage in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations
TLDR
A retrospective analysis of 139 consecutive patients with cerebral AVMs diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography at the Weifang People’s Hospital between June 2005 and June 2014 suggested that AVM size, AVM location, number of draining veins, and number of feeding arteries were independent risk factors for AVM hemorrhage.
Intravascular pressure measurements in feeding pedicles of brain arteriovenous malformations
TLDR
The results support the importance of hemodynamic parameters in determining the presentation of AVMs and more extensive studies using this simple technique may further elucidate these mechanisms and may result in improved criteria for patient selection and reduction of complications.
Feeding artery pressure and venous drainage pattern are primary determinants of hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
TLDR
It is suggested that high intranidal pressure is more important than factors such as size, location, and the presence of arterial aneurysms in the pathophysiology of AVM hemorrhage.
Analysis of Mean Transit Time of Contrast Medium in Ruptured and Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformations: A Digital Subtraction Angiographic Study
TLDR
A high ratio of the MTT of draining veins to feeding arteries suggests disequilibrium between nidal inflow and outflow may contribute to the development of AVM hemorrhage.
Large and Deep Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Are Associated With Risk of Future Hemorrhage
TLDR
Deep-seated and large AVMs were significantly more prone to hemorrhage during prospective follow-up, and the distinction between factors associated with hemorrhagic presentation and the natural history risk of hemorrhage will be emphasized.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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