Refractory schizophrenia and atypical antipsychotics

@article{Taylor2000RefractorySA,
  title={Refractory schizophrenia and atypical antipsychotics},
  author={David Taylor and David Taylor and Denise Duncan-McConnell},
  journal={Journal of Psychopharmacology},
  year={2000},
  volume={14},
  pages={409 - 418}
}
Treatment resistant or refractory schizophrenia is a difficult to define condition of largely unknown prevalence. For 10 years, clozapine has been the standard treatment in this condition and is recognized unequivocally as being effective. However, clozapine is sometimes poorly tolerated and has the potential for severe toxicity. Partly as a result of this, other atypicals have recently been evaluated as treatments for refractory schizophrenia. In order to evaluate the evidence base relating to… 
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pharmacotherapy Update: Risperidone in the Treatment of schizophrenia
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TLDR
The quest to replace clozapine has pointed out the limitations of treatments for refractory patients, but has made available a variety of second generation antipsychotics that have raised expectations and hold promise for the treatment of the nonpsychotic patient with mood dysregulation or acute agitation.
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