Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group.
@article{Connor1994ReductionOM, title={Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group.}, author={Edward M. Connor and Rhoda S. Sperling and Richard D. Gelber and Pavel Kiselev and Gwendolyn B. Scott and Mary J. O’Sullivan and Russell Vandyke and Mohammed Bey and William T. Shearer and R L Jacobson}, journal={The New England journal of medicine}, year={1994}, volume={331 18}, pages={ 1173-80 } }
BACKGROUND AND METHODS
Maternal-infant transmission is the primary means by which young children become infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of zidovudine in reducing the risk of maternal-infant HIV transmission. HIV-infected pregnant women (14 to 34 weeks' gestation) with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts above 200 cells per cubic millimeter who had not received antiretroviral therapy during…
3,310 Citations
Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group.
- Medicine, BiologyThe New England journal of medicine
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To prevent HIV-1 transmission, initiating maternal treatment with zidovudine is recommended regardless of the plasma level of HIV- 1 RNA or the CD4+ count, and the reduction in viral RNA from base line to delivery was not significantly associated with the risk of transmission.
Risk factors for perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women treated with zidovudine. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 185 Team.
- MedicineThe New England journal of medicine
- 1999
Antiretroviral therapy that reduces the HIV-1 RNA level to below 500 copies per milliliter appears to minimize the risk of perinatal transmission as well as improve the health of the women.
Zidovudine administered to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and to their neonates reduces pediatric infection independent of an effect on levels of maternal virus.
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- 1997
Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial
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- Medicine, EconomicsThe New England journal of medicine
- 2000
The short-short zidovudine regimen is inferior to the long-long regimen and leads to a higher rate of perinatal HIV transmission, which suggests that longer treatment of the infant cannot substitute for longerreatment of the mother.
Identification of levels of maternal HIV-1 RNA associated with risk of perinatal transmission. Effect of maternal zidovudine treatment on viral load.
- Medicine, BiologyJAMA
- 1996
Maternal HIV-1 RNA levels were highly predictive of perinatal transmission risk and suggest that certain levels of virus late in gestation and/or during labor and delivery are associated with both a high risk and a low risk of transmission.
Single-dose perinatal nevirapine plus standard zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand.
- Medicine, PsychologyThe New England journal of medicine
- 2004
A single dose of nevirapine to the mother, with or without a dose ofNevirapin to the infant, added to oral zidovudine prophylaxis starting at 28 weeks' gestation, is highly effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Growth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Uninfected Children Exposed to Perinatal Zidovudine for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission
- MedicineThe Pediatric infectious disease journal
- 2006
Although a longer in utero zidovudine exposure may have had a negative impact on birth weight, the magnitude of this effect was small and faded over time.
Prevention of Maternal HIV Transmission
- Medicine, BiologyDrugs
- 2012
The recently published Protocol 076 study showed that zidovudine significantly decreased the relative risk of maternal HIV transmission by 71.5% compared with placebo, which should be considered in women with more severe disease or in later stages of gestation.
Three postpartum antiretroviral regimens to prevent intrapartum HIV infection.
- MedicineThe New England journal of medicine
- 2012
In neonates whose mothers did not receive antenatal antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, prophylaxis with a two- or three-drug ART regimen is superior to zidovudine alone for the prevention of intrapartum HIV transmission; the two-drug regimen has less toxicity than the three- drug regimen.
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