Recombination‐activating gene proteins: more regulation, please

@article{Sadofsky2004RecombinationactivatingGP,
  title={Recombination‐activating gene proteins: more regulation, please},
  author={Moshe J. Sadofsky},
  journal={Immunological Reviews},
  year={2004},
  volume={200}
}
  • M. Sadofsky
  • Published 1 August 2004
  • Biology
  • Immunological Reviews
Summary:  Developing B and T cells assemble gene segments in order to create the variable regions of immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptors required by our adaptive immune response. The chemistry of this recombination pathway requires a specific nuclease and a more general repair pathway for double‐strand breaks. A complex of the recombination‐activating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 proteins provides the nuclease activity. In fact, RAG1 and RAG2 probably coordinate many steps involving the coding and… 
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Non-canonical roles for RAG1 in lymphocyte development
TLDR
The data presented in this thesis demonstrate that RAG1 has critical functions outside of V(D)J recombination that enhance AgR gene segment accessibility, promote V( D) J recombination at multiple AgR loci, and transduce pro-survival signals during AgR recombination to establish a broad AgR repertoire and thereby foster normal lymphocyte development.
Activation of 12/23-RSS-dependent RAG cleavage by hSWI/SNF complex in the absence of transcription.
Mobilization of RAG-Generated Signal Ends by Transposition and Insertion In Vivo
TLDR
An episome-based assay to detect products of RAG-mediated transposition in the human embryonic kidney cell line 293T failed to detect bona fide transposition events but instead yielded chromosome deletion and translocation events involving the signal end fragment mobilized by the RAG proteins.
SUMO Modification of Human XRCC4 Regulates Its Localization and Function in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
TLDR
It is reported that human XRCC4 (for X-ray cross-complementation group 4), a protein essential for NHEJ, is subject to posttranslational protein modification, and genetic fusion of the SUMO sequence to the C terminus of the mutant restores nuclear localization and radiation resistance.
Noncore RAG1 Regions Promote Vβ Rearrangements and αβ T Cell Development by Overcoming Inherent Inefficiency of Vβ Recombination Signal Sequences
TLDR
The data indicate that noncore RAG1 regions establish a diverse TCR repertoire by overcoming Vβ RSS inefficiency to promote Vβ recombination and αβ T cell development, and by modulating TCRβ and TCRα gene segment utilization.
The structure-specific nicking of small heteroduplexes by the RAG complex: implications for lymphoid chromosomal translocations.
Mechanism and control of V(D)J recombination at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
TLDR
Advances that have been made in understanding how V(D)J recombination at the IgH locus is controlled are summarized and important areas for future investigation are discussed.
Cytosines, but Not Purines, Determine Recombination Activating Gene (RAG)-induced Breaks on Heteroduplex DNA Structures
TLDR
The mechanism of RAG cleavage described here could explain facets of chromosomal rearrangements specific to lymphoid tissues leading to genomic instability.
Differential reaction kinetics, cleavage complex formation, and nonamer binding domain dependence dictate the structure-specific and sequence-specific nuclease activity of RAGs.
Identification of RAG-like transposons in protostomes suggests their ancient bilaterian origin
TLDR
The findings raise the possibility that the RAGL transposon arose earlier in evolution than previously thought, either in an early bilaterian or prior to the divergence of bilaterians and non-bilaterians, and alter the understanding of the evolutionary history of this important group of transposons.
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