Racing Pigeons: A Reservoir for Nitro-Imidazole–Resistant Trichomonas gallinae

@inproceedings{Rouffaer2014RacingPA,
  title={Racing Pigeons: A Reservoir for Nitro-Imidazole–Resistant Trichomonas gallinae},
  author={Lieze Oscar Rouffaer and Connie Adriaensen and C DE Boeck and Edwin Claerebout and An Martel},
  booktitle={The Journal of parasitology},
  year={2014}
}
Abstract:  Trichomonas gallinae, the cause of avian trichomonosis, is most commonly found in the order Columbiformes. Racing pigeons are often treated preventively with nitro-imidazoles, which could result in the emergence of resistant isolates, and these isolates can be a threat to wildlife when exchanges occur. The sequence type of 16 T. gallinae isolates obtained from racing pigeons and 15 isolates from wild pigeons was determined based on the ITS1/5.8S rRNA/ITS2 region sequence. In addition… 
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Use of FTA technology for detection of Trichomonas gallinae.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in healthy and Trichomonas gallinae infected pigeons (Columba livia, var. domestica)
TLDR
The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in pigeons was not affected by experimentally-induced trichomoniasis, and five-day oral treatment of infected pigeons with 25 mg/kg metronIDazole twice a day resulted in total eradication of trophozoites recovered in crop lavage of infected birds.
In vitro anti-parasitic activities of Pulicaria dysenterica and Lycopus europaeus methanolic extracts against Trichomonas gallinae
Introduction: Trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent of trichomoniasis in birds. Although metronidazole is now the drug of choice for treatment of this infection, several studies reported…
Antitrichomonal activity of Peganum harmala alkaloid extract against trichomoniasis in pigeon (Columba livia domestica)
TLDR
Data of the present study suggested P. harmala is a potent natural anti-trichomonal agent, effective against T. gallinae.
In vitro and in vivo activity of Artemisia sieberi against Trichomonas gallinae.
TLDR
In Iranian folk medicine Artemisia sieberi has been used for treatment of parasite infections in human and animals and is introduced as a natural potent antitrichomonal agent effective against T. gallinae.
FREE ESSENTIAL OILS AND NANOSTRUCTURED ON TRICHOMONAS
TLDR
Evaluating the in vitro effects of free essential oils and nanostructured Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus globulus against trophozoites of T. gallinae indicates that OEs and nanoemulsions may contribute as effective agents in the control of the parasite.
In vitro assessment of anti-Trichomonas effects of Zingiber officinale and Lavandula angustifolia alcoholic extracts on Trichomonas gallinae
TLDR
This study delineated the equal efficiency of L. angustifolia and Z. officinale with that of metronidazole in inhibiting the growth of Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites in culture media.
Antitrichomonal activity of metronidazole-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles in pigeon trichomoniasis.
TLDR
The development and characterization of metronidazole-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles (nano-MTZ) and their antitrichomonal activity on Trichomonas gallinae, the protozoal causative agent of pigeon trichomoniasis are described and suggested that nanolact oferrin is a promising platform for the development of novel MTZ formulations with improved antitrichmonal activity.
In vitro and in vivo evaluations of Pelargonium roseum essential oil activity against Trichomonas gallinae
TLDR
P. roseum EO is introduced as a potent natural antitrichomonal agent effective against T. gallinae both in vitro and in vivo and compares it to that of metronidazole (MTZ) as a standard antitRichomonal drug.
In vitro and in vivo activity of the essential oil and nanoemulsion of Cymbopogon flexuosus against Trichomonas gallinae
TLDR
It can be observed in this study that the lemon grass has natural potential antitrichomonal activity against T. gallinae in vitro and in vivo.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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