Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies.
@article{Williams2008RacialethnicDA,
title={Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies.},
author={David R. Williams and Harold W. Neighbors and James S. Jackson},
journal={American journal of public health},
year={2008},
volume={98 9 Suppl},
pages={
S29-37
}
}The authors review the available empirical evidence from population-based studies of the association between perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination and health. This research indicates that discrimination is associated with multiple indicators of poorer physical and, especially, mental health status. However, the extant research does not adequately address whether and how exposure to discrimination leads to increased risk of disease. Gaps in the literature include limitations linked to…
Tables from this paper
1,685 Citations
Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research
- Psychology, Political ScienceJournal of Behavioral Medicine
- 2008
Advancing the understanding of the relationship between perceived discrimination and health will require more attention to situating discrimination within the context of other health-relevant aspects of racism, measuring it comprehensively and accurately, assessing its stressful dimensions, and identifying the mechanisms that link discrimination to health.
Racial and ethnic health disparities: evidence of discrimination's effects across the SEP spectrum
- PsychologyEthnicity & health
- 2010
Investigation of the association between perceived discrimination in receiving healthcare and racial/ethnic disparities in self-rated health status, physical, and emotional functional limitations among a diverse sample of California adults found that negative health effects associated with discrimination are evident across the SEP spectrum.
Coping with Racial Discrimination
- PsychologySociety and mental health
- 2013
A positive relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms is found, with both lifetime and daily racial discrimination being more salient for depressive symptoms among impoverished African Americans than those living above 200% of the poverty line.
Racial discrimination and substance use: longitudinal associations and identity moderators
- PsychologyJournal of Behavioral Medicine
- 2011
Examining the influence of teacher discrimination on changes in substance use over time among African American adolescents considered three dimensions of racial identity as moderators of this association (centrality, private regard, and public regard) to indicate that, on average, levels of discrimination were associated with increases in substance Use across the high school years.
Racial discrimination and health among Asian Americans: evidence, assessment, and directions for future research.
- PsychologyEpidemiologic reviews
- 2009
Evidence on racial discrimination and health among Asian Americans is reviewed, gaps in the literature are identified, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Health Status in a Racially Diverse Sample
- Medicine, Political ScienceMedical care
- 2008
Perceived racial discrimination in health care is much more prevalent for African Americans than for whites or Hispanics, and is associated with worse health both forAfrican Americans and for whites.
Racism and health: the relationship between experience of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand.
- Medicine, PsychologySocial science & medicine
- 2006
Investigating the Relationship between Perceived Discrimination, Social Status, and Mental Health
- Psychology, SociologySociety and mental health
- 2012
Data is used to examine how two types of perceived discrimination, chronic everyday discrimination and major lifetime discrimination, are linked to mental health and how this association varies by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status.
Mental Illness and Discrimination
- Psychology
- 2014
Discrimination refers to unequal treatment of individuals and groups. It exists at different levels from interpersonal to institutional and comes in different forms from overt to covert. Mounting…
Discrimination and Latino Health: A Systematic Review of Risk and Resilience
- PsychologyHispanic health care international : the official journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses
- 2020
The findings demonstrate the negative relationship between perceived discrimination, mental health, and health behaviors of Latinos and highlight the potential for building on ethnic identity for addressing mental health and perceived discrimination.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 111 REFERENCES
The health consequences of racial discrimination: a study of African Americans.
- PsychologyEthnicity & disease
- 1996
It is argued that greater conceptualization about the postulated link between discrimination and health is necessary, as well as explicitly designed studies for the purpose of examining this postulated relationship.
Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health
- PsychologyJournal of health psychology
- 1997
Findings underscore the need for research efforts to identify the complex ways in which economic and non-economic forms of discrimination relate to each other and combine with socio-economic position and other risk factors and resources to affect health.
Racial/ethnic disparities in health: the interplay between discrimination and socioeconomic status.
- MedicineEthnicity & disease
- 1999
The study found that racial and class discrimination were rather pervasive in the United States and Experiences of discrimination tended to have a strong negative association with health and accounted for some racial/ethnic differences in health status.
Racism, discrimination and hypertension: evidence and needed research.
- PsychologyEthnicity & disease
- 2001
The existing literature identifies important new directions for the comprehensive measurement of discrimination and the design of rigorous empirical studies that can evaluate theoretically derived ideas about the association between discrimination and hypertension.
Relation between racial discrimination, social class, and health among ethnic minority groups.
- Medicine, Political ScienceAmerican journal of public health
- 2002
The different ways in which racism may manifest itself (as interpersonal violence, institutional discrimination, or socioeconomic disadvantage) all have independent detrimental effects on health, regardless of the health indicator used.
A multilevel analysis of the relationship between institutional and individual racial discrimination and health status.
- Medicine, PsychologyAmerican journal of public health
- 2002
The data support the hypothesis that discrimination at multiple levels influences the health of minority group members.
Racism and Mental Health: The African American experience
- PsychologyEthnicity & health
- 2000
This paper provides an overview of United States-based research on the ways in which racism can affect mental health. It describes changes in racial attitudes over time, the persistence of negative…
African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem.
- Psychology
- 1999
This research responded to researchers' calls for investigation of potential moderators of the link between perceptions of racist discrimination and mental health. In a sample of 119 African American…
Agency and structure: the impact of ethnic identity and racism on the health of ethnic minority people
- Sociology
- 2002
Abstract To understand ethnic inequalities in health, we must take account of the relationship between ethnic minority status, structural disadvantage and agency. So far, the direct effects of racial…
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination
- Medicine, SociologyAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- 1999
The complex ways in which race and socioeconomic status (SES) combine to affect health are considered, which accounts for much of the observed racial disparities in health.
