RNAi: Prokaryotes Get in on the Act

@article{Oost2009RNAiPG,
  title={RNAi: Prokaryotes Get in on the Act},
  author={John Oost and Stan J. J. Brouns},
  journal={Cell},
  year={2009},
  volume={139},
  pages={863-865}
}
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24 Citations
Background Citations
10
Methods Citations
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24 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

In defense of phage
TLDR
Recently, Bondy-Denomy and colleagues discovered several phage-encoded anti-CRISPR proteins that offer new insight into the ongoing molecular arms race between viral parasites and the immune systems of their hosts.
In vivo activity of CRISPR‐mediated virus defence in a hyperthermophilic archaeon
TLDR
In vivo activity of CRISPR/Cas in archaea for the first time is demonstrated and it is suggested that – unlike the recently demonstrated in vitro cleavage of RNA in Pyrococcus– DNA is targeted in this archaeon.
CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III
CRISPR/Cas systems constitute a widespread class of immunity systems that protect bacteria and archaea against phages and plasmids, and commonly use repeat/spacer-derived short crRNAs to silence…
CRISPR interference and its applications.
CRISPR/Cas System and Resistance to Bacteriophage Infection
TLDR
Phage/host interactions can be appreciated at a microbial population-wide level through the dynamism of CRISPR/Cas loci, a form of immune system widespread in Bacteria and Archaea.
Antisense regulation by transposon-derived RNAs in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus
TLDR
In Sulfolobus solfataricus, the transposon‐derived paralogous RNAs, RNA‐2571–4, show extended complementarity to the 3′ UTR of the 1183 mRNA, encoding a putative phosphate transporter, indicating that antisense regulation can function in trans.
CRISPR decoys
TLDR
It is shown that decoys abrogate immunity against conjugation in S. epidermidis to levels comparable to a CRISPR deletion mutant, and this technique can be used to generate full or spacer-specificCRISPR knockdowns in organisms in which decoy plasmids can be introduced.
Small RNAs in streptococci
TLDR
Overall, the current understanding of sRNA-mediated regulation in streptococci remains very limited, but given the complexity of regulatory networks and the number of recently predicted sRNAs, future research should reveal new functions and mechanisms for the strePTococcal s RNAs.
Bacterial CRISPR Regions: General Features and their Potential for Epidemiological Molecular Typing Studies
TLDR
The arrayed structure of CRISPR loci and associated cas genes act as an active prokaryotic immune system against viral replication and conjugative elements and can be used as a tool for RNA editing in bioengineering studies.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs): the hallmark of an ingenious antiviral defense mechanism in prokaryotes
TLDR
An application of the CRISPR/Cas system is the immunization of industry-relevant prokaryotes (or eukaryotes) against mobile-genetic invasion, and the high variability of theCRISPR spacer content can be exploited for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies.
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References

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TLDR
It is found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated new spacers derived from phage genomic sequences, and CRISPR provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificity is determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity.
Small CRISPR RNAs Guide Antiviral Defense in Prokaryotes
TLDR
The results demonstrate that the formation of mature guide RNAs by the CRISPR RNA endonuclease subunit of Cascade is a mechanistic requirement for antiviral defense.
CRISPR-based adaptive and heritable immunity in prokaryotes.
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TLDR
This work has identified Pyrococcus furiosus Cas6 as a novel endoribonuclease that cleaves CRISPR RNAs within the repeat sequences to release individual invader targeting RNAs.
CRISPR Interference Limits Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococci by Targeting DNA
TLDR
It is shown that CRISPR interference prevents conjugation and plasmid transformation in S. epidermidis and can limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes: computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action
TLDR
It appears most likely that CASS is a prokaryotic system of defense against phages and plasmids that functions via the RNAi mechanism, which seems to involve integration of fragments of foreign genes into archaeal and bacterial chromosomes yielding heritable immunity to the respective agents.
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TLDR
The molecular structures of Dicer and the Argonaute proteins, free and bound to small RNAs, have offered exciting insights into the molecular mechanisms that are central to RNA silencing pathways.
A Guild of 45 CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Protein Families and Multiple CRISPR/Cas Subtypes Exist in Prokaryotic Genomes
TLDR
It is evident from this analysis that CRISPR/cas loci are larger, more complex, and more heterogeneous than previously appreciated.
Nucleation, propagation and cleavage of target RNAs in Ago silencing complexes
The slicer activity of the RNA-induced silencing complex resides within its Argonaute (Ago) component, in which the PIWI domain provides the catalytic residues governing guide-strand mediated…
Nature
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