RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases, Viruses, and RNA Silencing

@article{Ahlquist2002RNADependentRP,
  title={RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases, Viruses, and RNA Silencing},
  author={Paul Ahlquist},
  journal={Science},
  year={2002},
  volume={296},
  pages={1270 - 1273}
}
Most viruses have RNA genomes that are replicated and transcribed into messenger RNA by viral RNA–dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps), usually in concert with other viral and host factors. Many, if not most, eukaryotes also encode putative RdRps that have been implicated in sequence-specific, RNA-triggered gene silencing. Although the viral and cellular RdRps have no sequence homology, they share functional similarities such as copying messenger RNA templates and intercellular spread of the… 
View on AAAS
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
442 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
13
Background Citations
220
Methods Citations
11
Results Citations
2

442 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Parallels among positive-strand RNA viruses, reverse-transcribing viruses and double-stranded RNA viruses
TLDR
Results reveal that the non-virion, intracellular RNA-replication complexes of some positive-strand RNA viruses share parallels with the structure, assembly and function of the replicative cores of extracellular virions of reverse-transcribing viruses and double-stranded RNA viruses.
The dependence of viral RNA replication on co-opted host factors
TLDR
This Review presents the recent progress that has been made in understanding the role of co-opted host proteins and membranes during (+)RNA virus replication, and discusses common themes employed by different viruses.
Common and unique features of viral RNA-dependent polymerases
TLDR
This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the viral RNA-dependent polymerase structure and the biochemistry and biophysics that is involved in replicating and transcribing the genetic material of RNA viruses.
The role of virus-derived small interfering RNAs in RNA silencing in plants
TLDR
The origin and biogenesis of vsiRNAs are described, the recent discoveries regarding vsiRNA-mediated RNA silencing of viral genomes and host transcripts are reviewed, and the understanding of virus pathogenicity and RNAsilencing-related host-pathogen interactions in plants is better understood.
Common and unique features of viral RNA-dependent polymerases
TLDR
This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the viral RNA-dependent polymerase structure and the biochemistry and biophysics that is involved in replicating and transcribing the genetic material of RNA viruses.
Molecular Bases of Viral RNA Targeting by Viral Small Interfering RNA-Programmed RISC
TLDR
Evidence is shown that antiviral response of VIGS is based on viral RNA cleavage by RNA-induced silencing effector complex (RISC) programmed by virus-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and the RISC-mediated cleavages do not occur randomly on the viral genome.
Host Factors Promoting Viral RNA Replication
TLDR
The progress that was made largely in the last 15 years in understanding virus–host interactions during RNA virus replication is presented and the most commonly employed approaches to identify host factors that affect plus-strandedRNA virus replication are described.
A Single-Molecule View on Cellular and Viral RNA Synthesis
TLDR
This work summarizes the recent advances in cellular and viral RNA production using in vitro single-molecule techniques to develop new therapeutics against these devastating human pathogens.
Viral and host determinants of RNA virus vector replication and expression
Strategies underlying RNA silencing suppression by negative strand RNA viruses
TLDR
The research described in this thesis focused on the strategies of negative strand RNA viruses to counteract antiviral RNA silencing, and the characterisation of the RNA suppressor proteins of RHBV NS3, the NS3 protein.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 64 REFERENCES
Cellular factors in the transcription and replication of viral RNA genomes: a parallel to DNA-dependent RNA transcription.
TLDR
Viral RNA replication and transcription involves not only viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, but also cellular proteins, the majority of which are subverted from the RNA-processing or translation machineries of host cells, suggesting a close parallel to the mechanism of DNA-dependentRNA synthesis.
Switch from translation to RNA replication in a positive-stranded RNA virus.
TLDR
It is discovered that an RNA structure at the 5' end of the viral genome, next to the internal ribosomal entry site, carries signals that control both viral translation and RNA synthesis.
Induction and Suppression of RNA Silencing by an Animal Virus
TLDR
It is shown that flock house virus (FHV) is both an initiator and a target of RNA silencing in Drosophila host cells and that FHV infection requires suppression of RNAsilencing by an FHv-encoded protein, B2.
A mechanism for initiating RNA-dependent RNA polymerization
TLDR
The results provide a working model for the initiation of replication and transcription of double-stranded RNA viruses and flaviviruses and suggest a mechanism by which the incoming double-Stranded RNA is opened up to feed the template through to the active site, while the substrates enter by another route.
Host RNA Polymerase Requirements for Transcription of the Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome
TLDR
The data support the interpretation that HDV transcription does not require host polymerase I or III (pol I orIII) but at least primarily involves an enzyme resembling pol II.
Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus.
An RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Gene in Arabidopsis Is Required for Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing Mediated by a Transgene but Not by a Virus
RNA Helicase MUT-14-Dependent Gene Silencing Triggered in C. elegans by Short Antisense RNAs
TLDR
It is shown that single-stranded RNA oligomers of antisense polarity can also be potent inducers of gene silencing, and the data favor the hypothesis that genesilencing is accomplished by RNA primer extension using the mRNA as template, leading to dsRNA that is subsequently degraded.
RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses.
  • M. Lai
  • Biology
    Microbiological reviews
  • 1992
TLDR
The high frequency and widespread nature of RNA recombination indicate that this phenomenon plays a more significant role in the biology of RNA viruses than was previously recognized.
Rolling Circle Replication of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Is Carried Out by Two Different Cellular RNA Polymerases
TLDR
It is found that HDV RNA synthesis is highly temperature sensitive, occurring most efficiently at 37 to 40°C and becoming virtually undetectable at temperatures below 30°C, and the previous finding that hepatitis delta antigen mRNA synthesis is likely performed by RNA polymerase II, suggests that the differentHDV RNA species are synthesized by different cellular transcriptional machineries.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...