Quantification of synchronization during atrial fibrillation by Shannon entropy: validation in patients and computer model of atrial arrhythmias.

@article{Mas2005QuantificationOS,
  title={Quantification of synchronization during atrial fibrillation by Shannon entropy: validation in patients and computer model of atrial arrhythmias.},
  author={Michela Mas{\`e} and Luca Faes and Renzo Antolini and Marco Scaglione and Flavia Naranjo Ravelli},
  journal={Physiological measurement},
  year={2005},
  volume={26 6},
  pages={
          911-23
        }
}
Atrial fibrillation (AF), a cardiac arrhythmia classically described as completely desynchronized, is now known to show a certain amount of synchronized electrical activity. In the present work a new method for quantifying the level of synchronization of the electrical activity recorded in pairs of atrial sites during atrial fibrillation is presented. A synchronization index (Sy) was defined by quantifying the degree of complexity of the distribution of the time delays between sites by Shannon… 
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The results of this experiment proved that AF could be detected by using this method and, in turn, provide opinions for clinical diagnosis.
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The degree of wavefront consistency provided insights into the temporal variability of the activation order, an aspect which was not reflected by the body surface parameters, however, AF frequency was able to distinguish between recordings with different degrees of intra-atrial signal organization.
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TLDR
Three measures of synchrony used to characterize three groups of rabbit hearts have shown that these synchrony measures provide a feasible way to characterize the three groups, where the effects of the interaction between group and radius were statistically significant, both for maintained perfusion and with ischemic damage.
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Comparisons with similar measures recorded from two unipolar atrial electrograms suggest that AF regularity estimated via SampEn and f wave amplitude can non-invasively characterize the epicardial activity related to AF.
Applications of Nonlinear Methods to Atrial Fibrillation
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The main goal of this chapter is to review the most significant achievements in some important AF facets, such as identification of events associated to its natural progression, accurate quantification of atrial substrate electrophysiological features and customization of current therapies.
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