PushPush and Push-1 are NP-hard in 2D
@article{Demaine2000PushPushAP, title={PushPush and Push-1 are NP-hard in 2D}, author={E. Demaine and Martin L. Demaine and J. O'Rourke}, journal={ArXiv}, year={2000}, volume={cs.CG/0007021} }
We prove that two pushing-blocks puzzles are intractable in 2D. One of our constructions improves an earlier result that established intractability in 3D [OS99] for a puzzle inspired by the game PushPush. The second construction answers a question we raised in [DDO00] for a variant we call Push-1. Both puzzles consist of unit square blocks on an integer lattice; all blocks are movable. An agent may push blocks (but never pull them) in attempting to move between given start and goal positions… CONTINUE READING
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