Push or Pull? The light‐weight architecture of the Daphnia pulex carapace is adapted to withstand tension, not compression

@article{Kruppert2016PushOP,
  title={Push or Pull? The light‐weight architecture of the Daphnia pulex carapace is adapted to withstand tension, not compression},
  author={Sebastian Kruppert and Martin Horstmann and Linda C. Weiss and Clemens F Schaber and Stanislav N. Gorb and Ralph Tollrian},
  journal={Journal of Morphology},
  year={2016},
  volume={277}
}
Daphnia (Crustacea, Cladocera) are well known for their ability to form morphological adaptations to defend against predators. [] Key Result We found the distal integument of the carapace to be significantly thicker than the proximal. The pillars appear fibrous with slim waists and broad, sometimes branched bases where they meet the integument layers. The fibrous structure and the slim-waisted shape of the pillars indicate a high capacity for withstanding tensile rather than compressive forces. In conclusion…
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Pricklier with the proper predator? Predator‐induced small‐scale changes of spinescence in Daphnia
TLDR
The results suggest that the inducible alterations to the spinule length and spinules‐covered areas disclose another level of predator‐induced changes in two common Daphnia species, and may act as the overall morphological defense, adjusted to specific predator regimes in nature.
Uncovering the chemistry behind inducible morphological defences in the crustacean Daphniamagna via micro-Raman spectroscopy
TLDR
This study reveals for the first time the chemical composition of the exoskeleton of Daphnia magna, using Raman spectroscopy, to be composed of α-chitin and proteins with embedded amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), and reveals its chemical changes associated with inducible defense mechanisms in the form of more substantial mineralization.
Biomechanical analysis of prey capture in the carnivorous Southern bladderwort (Utricularia australis)
TLDR
The results highlight the elaborate nature of the Utricularia suction traps which are functionally resilient and leave prey animals virtually no chance to escape.
Internal structure of Daphnia ephippium as an adaptation to dispersion
Ontogeny and potential function of poacher armor (Actinopterygii: Agonidae)
TLDR
The observed damage rates and the large investment in mineralization of the armor suggest that it is not just for show, but is a functional defensive structure.
Facing the green threat: A waterflea’s defenses against a carnivorous plant
TLDR
This study demonstrates plant-induced animal defenses, implying their potential relevance in freshwater ecosystems and contributing to an overall yet underestimated biodiversity of inducible defenses.
Knowing the Enemy: Inducible Defences in Freshwater Zooplankton
TLDR
Recent progress in research on inducible defences in freshwater zooplankton concerning behaviour, morphology, and life-history, as well as difficulties of studies conducted in a multipredator set up are highlighted.
Preface: Blasts from the past and back to the future
Following the kind invitation of the organizers Christian Laforsch and Max Rabus, the 11th International Symposium on Cladocera gathered scientists from all over the world working on…
Carapace epithelia are rich in large filamentous actin bundles in Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, and Sida crystallina (Crustacea: Cladocera)

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