Purification and properties of Sandercyanin, a blue protein secreted in the mucus of blue forms of walleye, Sander vitreus

@article{Yu2007PurificationAP,
  title={Purification and properties of Sandercyanin, a blue protein secreted in the mucus of blue forms of walleye, Sander vitreus},
  author={Chi Li Yu and Daniel J Ferraro and S. Ramaswamy and Mark H. Schmitz and Wayne F. Schaefer and David Templeton Gibson},
  journal={Environmental Biology of Fishes},
  year={2007},
  volume={82},
  pages={51-58}
}
A blue protein present in the mucus coating blue forms of walleye, Sander vitreus, was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified protein has a molecular mass of 87,850 and is a homotetramer with a subunit molecular mass of 21,836. Solutions of the protein are deep blue in color and show absorbance maxima at 383 and 633 nm, respectively. Acetone treatment of the protein releases a blue chromophore with the spectral… 
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The spectral properties and crystal structures of engineered monomeric Sandercyanin-BLA complexes are reported and a mechanism for modulating photo-states in BLA-bound lipocalins, known only in phytochromes till date is postulated.
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Sandercyanin was found solely on dorsal surfaces of the fish and was localized to novel cells in the epidermis, similar in appearance to secretory sacciform cells, and concentrations were significantly higher in fish collected in summer versus other seasons.
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Key insights are provided into the potential mechanism of fluorescence in this class of fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins and the binding constants of bilirubin to Chlopsid FP and mutants, measured by fluorescence titration.
Genetic Differentiation between the Blue and the Yellow Phenotypes of Walleye (Sander vitreus): An Example of Parallel Evolution
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The results suggest the colonization of each lake by a single group of walleye followed by the parallel origin of the blue phenotype, which could represent an excellent model for studying mechanisms underlying divergent selection and reproductive isolation.
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