Psychological and Behavioural Effects of Endogenous Testosterone and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

@article{Bahrke1996PsychologicalAB,
  title={Psychological and Behavioural Effects of Endogenous Testosterone and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids},
  author={Michael S. Bahrke and Charles E. Iii Yesalis and James E. Wright},
  journal={Sports Medicine},
  year={1996},
  volume={22},
  pages={367-390}
}
SummaryEndogenous testosterone levels have been linked to aggressive behaviour in both animals and humans. Studies administering moderate doses of exogenous testosterone for contraceptive and clinical purposes reveal essentially no adverse effects on male sexual and aggressive behaviour. However, investigations and case reports of athletes, usually involving higher doses, demonstrate an association between anabolic-androgenic steroid use and affective and psychotic syndromes and psychological… 
View on Springer
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
112 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
25
Methods Citations
1
Results Citations
1

112 Citations

Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
TLDR
Although prevalence of AAS dependency is difficult to determine, and there might be as many as 300,000 AAS users yearly in the United States, it appears that only a small percentage of users experience psychological dependence requiring clinical treatment.
Behavioral and physiological responses to anabolic-androgenic steroids
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
TLDR
The level of evidence for treating anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence is currently based on case reports and series as well as expert opinion, and knowledge of the psychiatric, physical, and laboratory findings aids detection.
Illicit anabolic–androgenic steroid use
Current Concepts in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
  • N. Evans
  • Medicine, Biology
    The American journal of sports medicine
  • 2004
TLDR
Clinical studies have discovered novel therapeutic uses for physiologic doses of AAS, without any significant adverse effects in the short term, and guidelines for the clinical evaluation of Aas users will be presented for sports medicine practitioners.
Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: a looming public health concern?
Anabolic androgenic steroid affects competitive behaviour, behavioural response to ethanol and brain serotonin levels
Chronic anabolic androgenic steroid exposure alters corticotropin releasing factor expression and anxiety-like behaviors in the female mouse
Effects of Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids in Athletes
TLDR
Although AAS administration may affect erythropoiesis and blood haemoglobin concentrations, no effect on endurance performance was observed and little data about the effects of AAS on metabolic responses during exercise training and recovery are available and, therefore, do not allow firm conclusions.
Diagnosis of male depression in the community and its correlation with cortisol and testosterone
TLDR
The main overall aim of this thesis was to improve detection and thus treatment of depression among males by investigating psychotropic drug use by gender compared to drugs for acid related disorders and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 120 REFERENCES
Psychological and Behavioural Effects of Endogenous Testosterone Levels and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Among Males
SummaryThe psychological and behavioural effects of endogenous testosterone levels and anabolic-androgenic steroids in males have been investigated for over 50 years in both clinical and nonmedical…
Psychiatric and medical effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use. A controlled study of 160 athletes.
  • H. PopeD. Katz
  • Medicine, Psychology
    Archives of general psychiatry
  • 1994
TLDR
Major mood disturbances associated with anabolic-androgenic steroids may represent an important public health problem for athletes using steroids and sometimes for the victims of their irritability and aggression.
Psychiatric effects and psychoactive substance use in anabolic-androgenic steroid users.
TLDR
In conclusion, AAS use may lead to psychiatric disorders in certain individuals and concurrent use of psychoactive drugs other than AAS does not appear to be common in intensively training weight lifters and bodybuilders.
Psychological moods and subjectively perceived behavioral and somatic changes accompanying anabolic-androgenic steroid use
TLDR
The data suggest that while perceived or actual psychological changes may occur in anabolic-androgenic steroid users, either the effects are too subtle or the inventories used were insensitive for detecting them.
Metabolic and behavioral effects of high-dose, exogenous testosterone in healthy men.
TLDR
There was a trend toward increased arousal and spontaneous erections during T administration, but this did not reach statistical significance, and little change was found in self-reported sexual and aggressive behaviors during the study.
Symptoms and correlates of anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence.
TLDR
The data support the notion that AASs are addicting, and suggest that dissatisfaction with body size may lead to dependent patterns of use.
Effects of chronically high doses of the anabolic androgenic steroid, testosterone, on intermale aggression and sexual behavior in male rats
The effects of exogenous testosterone on sexuality and mood of normal men.
TLDR
It is concluded that supraphysiological levels of testosterone maintained for up to 2 months can promote some aspects of sexual arousability without stimulating sexual activity in eugonadal men within stable heterosexual relationships.
The influence of testosterone on human aggression.
  • J. Archer
  • Biology, Psychology
    British journal of psychology
  • 1991
TLDR
This review assesses studies involving androgens, principally testosterone, and human aggression, and suggests that the outcome of aggressive and competitive encounters can alter testosterone levels, thus confounding interpretation of the correlational evidence.
Psychiatric Symptoms Associated with Anabolic Steroids: A Controlled, Retrospective Study
TLDR
It is concluded that the organic affective changes associated with anabolic steroid abuse usually present as a subsyndromal depressive disorder of insufficient severity to be classified as a psychiatric disorder.
...
...