Proximate factors associated with high levels of extraconsort fertilization in polygynous grey seals

@article{Ambs1999ProximateFA,
  title={Proximate factors associated with high levels of extraconsort fertilization in polygynous grey seals},
  author={Suzanne M. Ambs and Daryl J. Boness and William Don Bowen and E. A. Perry and Robert C. Fleischer},
  journal={Animal Behaviour},
  year={1999},
  volume={58},
  pages={527-535}
}
Behavioural estimates of male mating success in polygynous grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, may be misleading as females are known to be promiscuous. At Sable Island, Nova Scotia, we collected behavioural observations and skin samples for paternity analysis from 56 females and their attending males. Twenty-four of these females were found in the following year and their offspring were sampled. Using seven hypervariable microsatellite loci, we excluded the consort male as the father in 43% of the… 
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