Protein import into chloroplasts

@article{Soll2004ProteinII,
  title={Protein import into chloroplasts},
  author={Jürgen Soll and Enrico Schleiff},
  journal={Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology},
  year={2004},
  volume={5},
  pages={198-208}
}
Chloroplasts are organelles of endosymbiotic origin, and they transferred most of their genetic information to the host nucleus during this process. They therefore have to import more than 95% of their protein complement post-translationally from the cytosol. In vivo results from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana — together with biochemical, biophysical and structural data from other plants — now allow us to outline the mechanistic details of the molecular machines that facilitate this… 
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282 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
13
Background Citations
102
Methods Citations
3

282 Citations

Evolution of the Protein Translocons of the Chloroplast Envelope
TLDR
The phylogenetic relationships of known translocon components are discussed and important steps in the evolution of the import machinery are reconstructed and evidence suggests that chloroplasts take advantage of already existing prokaryotic proteins as the Import machinery evolved.
Novel pathways for glycoprotein import into chloroplasts.
TLDR
This work has shown that the secretory pathway provides new opportunities for complementation of the chloroplast protein maturation machinery with chaperones needing endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi typical maturations such as N-glycosylation for their biological activity or using chloroplasts as a storage compartment for glycoproteins.
Import of plastid precursor proteins into pea chloroplasts.
TLDR
Plastids are a heterogeneous family of organelles found ubiquitously in plant and algal cells, which carry out such essential processes as photosynthesis and the biosynthesis of fatty acids as well as of amino acids.
Protein Transport into Plastids of Secondarily Evolved Organisms
TLDR
Current knowledge about protein transport into different types of complex plastids is summarized, indicating that pre-existing mechanisms were often reused and altered to fulfill new requirements.
Multiple pathways for the targeting of thylakoid proteins in chloroplasts
TLDR
Recent findings in this field that point to the operation of a mechanistically unique protein translocase in both plastids and bacteria are reviewed, and emerging data that reconcile the remarkable variety of targeting pathways with the natures of the substrate precursor proteins are discussed.
The Chloroplast Protein Import Apparatus, Its Components, and Their Roles
TLDR
This chapter focuses on translocons located in the outer and the inner envelope membranes, and summarizes how they mediate import of nucleus-encoded proteins into the chloroplast from the surrounding cytoplasm.
The Protein Translocon of the Plastid Envelopes*[boxs]
TLDR
To generate a comprehensive picture of the expression and tissue-specific localization of the translocon subunits, their transcript levels were analyzed in roots and leaves and certain Tocs and Tics were found to be tissue- specific.
The Function and Diversity of Plastid Protein Import Pathways: A Multilane GTPase Highway into Plastids
TLDR
This work has shown that the biogenesis of various plastid types relies on distinct but homologous Toc–Tic import pathways that have specialized in the import of specific classes of substrates.
Transport of nuclear-encoded proteins into secondarily evolved plastids
TLDR
Recent models and findings that help to explain important cellular mechanisms involved in the complex process of protein transport into secondary plastids are reviewed.
Characterization of the protein import pathway in pea chloroplast
TLDR
In the present study not only the import characteristic of nine tentative ‘non-canonical’ chloroplast precursor proteins but also the new interactions between these precursor proteins and the proteins at the organellar surfaces were analyzed.
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References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 107 REFERENCES
Protein import into chloroplasts.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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