Protective Effects of Estradiol on Ethanol-Induced Bone Loss Involve Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Osteoblasts and Downstream Activation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligan

@article{Chen2008ProtectiveEO,
  title={Protective Effects of Estradiol on Ethanol-Induced Bone Loss Involve Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Osteoblasts and Downstream Activation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-$\kappa$B Ligan},
  author={Jin-Ran Chen and Kartik Shankar and Shanmugam Nagarajan and Thomas M. Badger and Martin J Ronis},
  journal={Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics},
  year={2008},
  volume={324},
  pages={50 - 59}
}
Bone loss occurs following chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption in males and cycling females in part as a result of increased bone resorption. We have demonstrated in vivo that estradiol treatment can reverse this effect. Using osteoclast precursors from bone marrow and osteoblast/preosteoclast coculture, we found that EtOH-induced receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts was able to promote osteoclastogenesis. These effects were blocked by pretreatment of… 
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Inhibition of NADPH Oxidases Prevents Chronic Ethanol-Induced Bone Loss in Female Rats
TLDR
In a rat model in which cycling females were infused intragastrically with EtOH-containing liquid diets, EtOH significantly decreased bone formation and stimulated osteoblast-dependent osteoclast differentiation, and these effects were reversed by exogenous 17-β-estradiol coadministration.
Loss of functional NADPH oxidase 2 protects against alcohol-induced bone resorption in female p47phox-/- mice.
TLDR
In osteoblasts, NOX2 and NOX4 appear to work in tandem to increase RANKL expression, whereas EtOH-mediated inhibition of bone formation occurs via a NoX2-independent mechanism, which suggests that NOx2-derived ROS is necessary for Etoh-induced bone resorption.
Role of reactive oxygen species in angiotensin II: induced receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand expression in mouse osteoblastic cells
TLDR
Results suggest that Ang II, through its AT1R, enhanced NOX activity and ROS production, and activated the ERK pathway to up-regulate RANKL expression in osteoblasts in vitro.
A Role for Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Controlling Lineage Commitment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Through Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
TLDR
Real‐time array analysis of total RNA isolated from bone tissue revealed that the majority of Wnt signaling components were downregulated by chronic ethanol infusion, consistent with the hypothesis that ethanol inhibits bone formation through stimulation of oxidative stress to suppress Wnt signalling.
Ormeloxifene inhibits osteoclast differentiation in parallel to downregulating RANKL-induced ROS generation and suppressing the activation of ERK and JNK in murine RAW264.7 cells.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that Orm potentially inhibits osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting ROS generation and thereby suppressing the activation of ERK1/2 (MAPK3/MAPK1) and JNK ( MAPK8) and transcription factors (NF-κB and AP-1), which subsequently affect the regulation of osteOClastogenesis.
Ormeloxifene inhibits osteocla st differentiation in parallel to downregulating RANKL-induced ROS generation and suppressing the activation of ERK and JNK in murine RAW264.7 cells
TLDR
The results demonstrate that Orm potentially inhibits osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting ROS generation and thereby suppressing the activation of ERK1/2 (MAPK3/MAPK1) and JNK ( MAPK8) and transcription factors (NF-kB and AP-1), which subsequently affect the regulation of osteOClastogenesis.
Disulfiram suppressed ethanol promoted RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ethanol-induced osteoporosis in vivo via ALDH1A1-NFATc1 axis
TLDR
This study demonstrated that ethanol promoted RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption, whereas, disulfiram suppressed ethanol-induced fractures by abrogating the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1) in vitro.
Ethanol Impairs Estrogen Receptor Signaling Resulting in Accelerated Activation of Senescence Pathways, Whereas Estradiol Attenuates the Effects of Ethanol in Osteoblasts
TLDR
It is concluded that inhibitory cross‐talk between EtOH and E2 in osteoblasts on ERs, p53/p21, and cell senescence provides a pathophysiologic mechanism underlying bone loss and the protective effects of estrogens in alcohol‐exposed females.
Phosphate enhances reactive oxygen species production and suppresses osteoblastic differentiation
TLDR
The results indicate that phosphate suppresses osteoblastic differentiation at least in part by enhancing ROS production in MC3T3-E1 cells.
High glucose potentiates collagen synthesis and bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced early osteoblast gene expression in rat spinal ligament cells.
TLDR
High glucose, via production of reactive oxygen species, subsequent activation of PKC, and inhibition of p38, enhances type I collagen synthesis and expression of early osteogenesis genes induced by BMP-2 in rat spinal ligament cells.
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