Properties, Potentials, and Prospects of Antifreeze Proteins

@article{Venketesh2008PropertiesPA,
  title={Properties, Potentials, and Prospects of Antifreeze Proteins},
  author={S. Venketesh and C. Dayananda},
  journal={Critical Reviews in Biotechnology},
  year={2008},
  volume={28},
  pages={57 - 82}
}
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a group of proteins that protect organisms from deep freezing temperatures and are expressed in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, bacteria, and fungi. The nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray structure, and many spectroscopic studies with AFPs have been instrumental in determining the structure–function relationship. Mutational studies have indicated the importance of hydrophobic residues in ice binding. Various studies have pointed out that the mechanism of AFP… 
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Antifreeze Proteins in Foods
TLDR
This chapter describes the studies on the use of AFPs in food, as well as the dietary sources of these proteins, their use in foods, their toxicity, and the factors that influence their use.
Structural diversity of marine anti-freezing proteins, properties and potential applications: a review
Cold-adapted organisms, such as fishes, insects, plants and bacteria produce a group of proteins known as antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The specific functions of AFPs, including thermal hysteresis…
Natural macromolecular antifreeze agents to synthetic antifreeze agents
TLDR
The utility of AF(G)Ps and their analogs in cryopreservation, cryosurgery, and the food industry motivates the development of new artificial antifreeze agents.
NOVEL ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN CONSTRUCTS FOR IMPROVED ACTIVITY
Many organisms are exposed to subzero temperatures in nature and can survive these temperatures by the effect of antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which inhibit ice crystal growth and change the morphology…
Physicochemical Properties of Antifreeze Proteins
TLDR
In this chapter the investigations of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are confined to weight, activity, solubility, hydrophobicity, and stability of the proteins.
Slowing the growth of ice with synthetic macromolecules: beyond antifreeze(glyco) proteins
TLDR
The potential of polymeric materials to act as synthetic mimics of antifreeze(glyco) proteins, as well as to summarise the current general challenges in designing compounds capable of mimicking AF(G)Ps, are highlighted.
Conjugation of type I antifreeze protein to polyallylamine increases thermal hysteresis activity.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that conjugating multiple type I AFPs to a polyallylamine chain increases thermal hysteresis activity compared to the original protein, which is about 100 times lower when conjugated to the polymer compared to free protein.
afpCOOL: A tool for antifreeze protein prediction
Synthesis and antifreeze activity of fish antifreeze glycoproteins and their analogues
TLDR
This perspective summarizes the different routes used to synthesize native AFGPs and lists the most relevant analogues synthesized, along with some information on their synthesis and their antifreeze activity, if evaluated.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of Rhagium inquisitor antifreeze protein.
TLDR
The recently reported novel hyperactive AFP from Rhagium inquisitor (RiAFP) is the second distinct type of AFP in beetles and its structure could reveal important molecular insights into the evolution of AFPs.
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References

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TLDR
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